This study aims to evaluate and prioritize fisheries climate change adaptation policies using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). While the Korean government has implemented various climate adaptation policies for fisheries, a systematic assessment of their urgency and importance has been lacking. To address this gap, a survey was conducted with 155 fisheries experts, including professors, researchers, and government officials, to analyze the significance and urgency of key adaptation measures in both aquaculture and offshore fisheries. The IPA results indicate that, in offshore fisheries, the highest-priority policies include monitoring fishery environments, assessing major fish species’ distribution changes, and adapting to emerging fish species. For aquaculture, the most critical strategies involve developing climate-resilient species, relocating fish farms based on environmental changes, and enhancing environmental monitoring. These findings highlight the need for targeted, high-priority actions in fisheries climate adaptation, providing a foundation for more effective policy development.