This study aimed to improve and refine climate exposure indicators developed in a previous study by incorporating and analyzing two years of Italian ryegrass field trial data from the Jinju and Jangheung regions. The objective was to evaluate the relationships between productivity and climatic factors. The field trial results demonstrated that plant height, fresh yield, and dry matter yield of Italian ryegrass was significantly higher in 2018–2019 than in 2017–2018. Precipitation and temperature during the winter and spring seasons of 2018–2019 were also greater than those recorded in 2017–2018. Correlation analyses revealed significant positive associations between productivity and precipitation in Oct, Dec, Feb, and Mar. Productivity was also positively correlated with mean temperature and mean minimum temperature in Oct, Dec, Jan, Feb, Mar, and Apr, as well as with growing degree days in Oct, Dec, Jan, Feb, and Mar. The climate exposure indicators derived in this study are expected to serve as valuable tools for predicting Italian ryegrass productivity and assessing vulnerability to climate impacts. Nevertheless, considering the complex interactions between climatic factors and field conditions, further refinement through additional experiments and analyses remains necessary.

ABSTRACT
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION
Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS
    1. Italian ryegrass cultivation
    2. Collection of Italian ryegrass productivity and climaticdata
    3. Statistical analysis
Ⅲ. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
    1. Comparison of correlation analysis and Italian ryegrassfield experiment results
    2. Climate exposure indicator derivation
Ⅳ. CONCLUSIONS
Ⅴ. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Ⅵ. REFERENCES

• Il-Kyu Yoon(Division of Applied Life Science (BK21) and IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)
• Jun-Woo Lee(Division of Applied Life Science (BK21) and IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)
• Dong-Hyun Kim(Division of Applied Life Science (BK21) and IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)
• Gi-Beom Nam(Division of Applied Life Science (BK21) and IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea)
• Byung-Hyun Lee(Division of Applied Life Science (BK21) and IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author
• Yong-Gu Kim(Division of Applied Life Science (BK21) and IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Republic of Korea)
• Chang-Woo Min(Division of Applied Life Science (BK21) and IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea)
• Seung-Hak Yang(National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan 31000, Republic of Korea)