A Study on the Vulnerability of Heat Exchangers in Ethylene Processes
Shell & Tube type 중 “S”type 열교환기는 열팽창에 유리하여 산업현장에서 많이 사용하 고 있으나, 여러가지의 취성파괴 요인을 안고 있어 사고발생의 위험이 높다. 특히 “S”type 열교환기는 Floating Head를 Tube Sheet 반대편에서 잡아주는 Backing Device라는 필수적 인 부품을 사용하고 있는데, Backing Device는 형상적 특성, 사용유체, 온도환경, 기밀시 험 등 에 따라 여러 취성취약 요인을 갖고 있다. 본 연구는 지난 2022년 2월에 발생한 에틸렌 공장의 열교환기 폭발 사고의 사고원인 조사 에 기초하여, Backing Device 파단 부위와 파단면 분석, 강도 시뮬레이션 등을 통해 해당 사고에서 나타난 Backing Device의 취성 취약요인을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 “S”type열교환기의 취성 취약성을 사업장의 안전관리를 위한 실무자료로 활용하고, 석유화학공장 에틸렌공정의 사고 예방을 통한 ESG 경영에 기여하길 기대한다.
According to the TEMA code, the “S-type” heat exchanger is designed to accommodate thermal expansion and employs an essential component known as the Backing Device. However, this device is susceptible to brittle fracture due to several factors. This study aims to investigate the brittle fracture susceptibility of the “S-type” heat exchanger and to propose effective preventive measures. An empirical case was analyzed in which the Backing Device of an “S-type” heat exchanger fractured and was projected during a leak test in the ethylene process at 00000 Co., Ltd. in the Yeosu National Industrial Complex in February 2022, resulting in a fatal accident. Fractographic analysis using a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and MIDAS simulation were conducted to verify the influence of notch geometry, temperature, corrosion, and strain rate on the brittle behavior of the Backing Device. The study also identifies deficiencies in the current design criteria for Backing Devices prescribed by the TEMA Code. As approximately 9,200 units of “S-type” heat exchangers are in operation in ethylene processes across domestic petrochemical plants, the potential risk of recurrence remains significant. The findings of this study are expected to enhance on-site safety, contribute to ESG management, and provide practical recommendations for improving the TEMA Code standards.