This study evaluated the fit of a one-piece dress using a 3D-printed dress form designed to reflect the body shape of middle-aged women and examined its potential for practical application by comparing the results with those from a 3D virtual fitting program. Therefore, a dress form was created based on the body measurements of middle-aged women using 3D body scanning and 3D printing, and an actual one-piece dress was fitted onto it. The same pattern was then simulated in a 3D virtual fitting program. A subsequent visual assessment was performed to compare and analyze the similarity between the 3D virtual fitting and actual fitting results. The analysis revealed that the 3D-printed dress form more accurately replicated the body characteristics of middle-aged women, making it advantageous for evaluating actual wearing comfort and garment fit. In contrast, the virtual fitting program demonstrated limitations in detailed expressions of elements such as wrinkles in specific body areas and fabric properties, resulting in lower consistency with real-world fitting outcomes compared to the dress form. This study confirmed that the 3D-printed dress form for middle-aged women can enhance accuracy in both fit evaluation and garment production processes. Future studies should focus on developing dress forms that accommodate diverse body types and refining virtual fitting technologies to enable more precise garment simulation and evaluation.

Abstract
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Review of Literature
    1. Development of customized dress forms using3D printing technology
    2. Body shape characteristics of middle-agedwomen and the necessity of customized dress forms
    3. Limitations of 3D virtual garment simulationand the necessity of dress forms
Ⅲ. Research Method
    1. Body measurements of participants
    2. Experimental garments and 3D virtual clothingfor visual analysis
    3. Visual analysis criteria and methods
    4. Statistical analysis
Ⅳ. Results and Discussion
    1. Comparative evaluation of appearance similaritybased on different wearing methods
    2. Comparative evaluation of appearance similaritybased on different wearing postures
    3. Two-Way interaction effects of dressingmethods and wearing postures on the appearance
Ⅴ. Conclusion
References

• Yejin Kim(Ph. D. Candidate, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Ewha Womans University, Korea) | 김예진 (이화여자대학교 의류산업학과 박사수료)
• Seiyoung Park(Lecturer, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Ewha Womans University, Korea) | 박세영 (이화여자대학교 의류산업학과 강사)
• Minji Yu(Assistant Professor, Dept. of Clothing and Textiles, Yonsei University, Korea) | 유민지 (연세대학교 의류환경학과 조교수)
• Dong-Eun Kim(Professor, Dept. of Fashion Industry, Ewha Womans University, Korea) | 김동은 (이화여자대학교 의류산업학과 교수) Corresponding author