커피박 (spent coffee grounds, SCG)은 커피 산업 전 과정에서 대량으로 발생하는 부산물로, 대부분 소각 혹은 매립을 통해 처리되어 환경적, 경제적 부담을 초래한다. 그러나 SCG는 폴리페놀과 플 라보노이드를 비롯한 다양한 생리활성 성분을 함유하고 있어 기능성 소재로 활용 가능성이 크다. 본 연 구에서는 80% 에탄올 용매를 사용하여 SCGE (spent coffee grounds 80% ethanol extract, SCGE)을 확보한 후, 그 항산화, 항균 및 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, SCGE는 221.31 TAE mg/g의 폴 리페놀과 321.66 QE mg/g 플라보노이드 함량을 보였으며, 이는 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성과 유의한 상관성을 나타내었다. 또한 SCGE는 여드름 원인균인 Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)에 대한 항균 활성을 보였으며, RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 LPS 및 C. acnes 자극으로 유도된 염증 반응을 억제 하였다. 특히, nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제와 더불어 iNOS 및 COX-2 단백질 발현 감소가 확인되었 다. 나아가 SCGE을 함유한 에멀전 제형은 안정적인 물리적, 화학적 특성을 보여 화장품 소재로서의 적 용 가능성을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 SCGE가 항산화, 항균 및 항염증 활성을 동시에 갖춘 지속 가 능한 기능 화장품 원료로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a byproduct generated in large quantities in the coffee industry, and most are disposed of through incineration or landfill, resulting in environmental and economic burdens. However, SCG has potential as a functional material because it contains various physiologically active compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids. Therefore, continuous research is needed to fully explore and utilize its potential. In this study, we extracted SCG using 80% ethanol (SCGE) and analyzed its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. SCGE contained 221.31 TAE mg/g of polyphenols and 321.66 QE mg/g of flavonoids, which showed a significant correlation with DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities. Additionally, SCGE showed antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), a causative agent of acne, and inhibited the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and C. acnes stimulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In particular, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production and a reduction in inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression were observed. Furthermore, the emulsion formulation containing SCGE showed stable physicochemical properties, confirming its applicability as a cosmetic ingredient. These results suggest that SCGE can be utilized as a sustainable cosmetic raw material with simultaneous antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities.

요 약
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
    2.1. Preparation of SCGE Extract
    2.2. Reagents and Antibodies
    2.3. Evaluation of DPPH RadicalScavenging Activity
    2.4. Evaluation of ABTS⁺ RadicalScavenging Activity
    2.5. Evaluation of Tyrosinase InhibitoryActivity
    2.6. Evaluation of Elastase Inhibitory Activity
    2.7. Determination of Total Flavonoid Content
    2.8. Determination of Total PolyphenolContent
    2.9. Bacterial Strains and Growth Conditions
    2.10. Disc Diffusion Assay
    2.11. Cell Culture
    2.12. Cell Cytotoxicity
    2.13. Preparation of Powdered C. acnes
    2.14. Evaluation of NO Production
    2.15. Western Blot
    2.16. Formulation of SCGE-ContainingEmulsion
    2.17. Evaluation of Stability of theFormulation
    2.18. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
    3.1. Antioxidant, Anti-wrinkle, andWhitening effects of SCGE
    3.2. Total Polyphenol and FlavonoidContents of SCGE
    3.3. Antibacterial activity of SCGE againstC. acnes, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa,and E. coli .
    3.4. Anti-inflammatory Effects of SCGE inLPS- and C. acnes-stimulated RAW 264.7Cells.
    3.5. Stability evaluation of SCGE-containingformulation
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References

• Moon-Pil Jung(Department of Cosmetic Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea) | 정문필 (경성대학교 화장품학과)
• Ju-Young Kim(Department of Cosmetic Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea) | 김주영 (경성대학교 화장품학과)
• Na-Hyeon Park(Department of Cosmetic Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea) | 박나현 (경성대학교 화장품학과)
• Yong-Jin Kwon(Department of Cosmetic Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea, Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea) | 권용진 (경성대학교 화장품학과, 경성대학교 화장품약리학과)
• Sung-Hee Kim(Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea) | 김성희 (경성대학교 화장품약리학과)
• Subeen Yoon(Biosensor Laboratories Inc., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea) | 윤수빈 (바이오센서연구소(주))