This study examines whether a 3D virtual fitting system can function as an efficient digital pattern-making method for women’s jeans to complement or replace conventional 2D measurement-based design. It further explores the potential application of virtual fitting-based pattern design processes in digital fashion education and the apparel industry. To develop 3D virtual fitting-based pants, a close-fitting 3D pants pattern was generated by flattening an avatar’s lower-body surface. Initial evaluations necessitated adjustments in dart volume and placement for both the front and back panels. Stress analysis further revealed high concentrations near the crotch, requiring modifications to the crotch extension. The pattern was iteratively refined using real-time feedback from appearance changes, stress distribution, and fitting errors during virtual fitting. Post-modification evaluation results showed significant improvements across all appearance evaluation categories. Notable enhancements were found in key fit factors, including dart position and length, crotch appearance, and hip fit. Subsequently, a digital jeans pattern was designed based on the refined close-fitting 3D pants pattern. Stepwise modifications informed by virtual fitting data led to improvements in both appearance and silhouette completeness. Comparative evaluation of jeans produced using the proposed 3D-derived pattern and a conventional 2D pattern showed no significant differences across most assessment items. However, the 3D-derived pattern scored significantly higher in critical areas such as thigh appearance and knee-line positioning. This indicates that 3D-based pattern design is particularly effective in areas requiring accurate reflection of 3D body curvature and movement characteristics.

Abstract
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Research Methods
    1. Selection of 3D model for pants fitting
    2. A close-fitting pants pattern derived from theavatar’s body surface
    3. Selection of pants design
    4. Selection of experimental fabrics
    5. Digital jeans pattern making based on 3Dvirtual fitting
    6. Appearance evaluation of 3D virtual fitting
Ⅲ. Results and Discussion
    1. A close-fitting pants pattern derived from theavatar’s body surface
    2. Digital jeans pattern making based on 3Dvirtual fitting
Ⅳ. Conclusion
References

• Jeongah Jang(Professor, Dept. of Clothing & Textiles, Pusan National University, Korea) | 장정아 (부산대학교 의류학과 교수)
• Mi Hwa Jun(Adjunct Professor, Dept. of Fashion Design, Pukyong National University, Korea*) | 전미화 (부경대학교 패션디자인학과 겸임교수) Corresponding author