This study investigated the quality and antioxidant characteristics of rice morning bread prepared with the addition of apple peel powder (APP, 0, 4, 8, and 12% w/w). It sought to evaluate the influence of APP on the antioxidant capacity of rice morning bread. The findings are summarized as follows: First, as the APP content increased, the weight of the rice morning bread significantly increased, while the volume and specific volume decreased (p<0.001). Second, the Hunter color values showed that the L value (lightness) decreased, whereas the a (redness) and b (yellowness) values increased significantly. Third, texture profile analysis revealed that hardness and chewiness increased with increasing APP levels, whereas cohesiveness decreased (p<0.001). Fourth, antioxidant activities (measured with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH], 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ABTS] radical scavenging ability, and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]) improved significantly. Fifth, the total phenolic content (TPC) of rice morning bread significantly increased with increasing levels of APP (p<0.05). In conclusion, although APP significantly enhances antioxidant properties, given the bread's physical characteristics, a 4% addition is most appropriate. This study suggests that apple peel powder, a sustainable byproduct, is a promising material for developing functional bakery products.

Abstract
I. 서 론
II. 연구내용 및 방법
    1. 실험 재료
    2. 사과껍질분말 첨가 쌀모닝빵 제조
    3. 사과껍질분말 첨가 쌀모닝빵의 중량, 부피 및 비용적측정
    4. 사과껍질분말 첨가 쌀모닝빵의 색도 측정
    5. 사과껍질분말 첨가 쌀모닝빵의 텍스쳐 특성 측정
    6. 사과껍질분말 첨가 쌀모닝빵의 항산화능 특성 분석
    7. 통계처리
III. 결과 및 고찰
    1. 사과껍질분말 첨가 쌀모닝빵의 중량, 부피 및 비용적
    2. 사과껍질분말 첨가 쌀모닝빵의 색도
    3. 사과껍질분말 첨가 쌀모닝빵의 텍스쳐 특성
    4. 사과껍질분말 첨가 쌀모닝빵의 총 페놀 화합물 함량
    5. 사과껍질분말 첨가 쌀모닝빵의 DPPH, ABTS 및 FRAP특성 결과
IV. 요약 및 결론
저자 정보
Conflict of Interest
References

• 이남현(전남대학교 식품영양학과 박사) | Nam Hyun Lee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Doctor)
• 정복미(전남대학교 식품영양과학부 교수) | BokMi Jung (Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Professor) Corresponding author
• 전은례(원광대학교 가정교육과 초빙교수, 전남대학교 가정교육과 강사) | EunRaye Jeon (Department of Home Economics Education, WonKwang University, Visiting Professor, Department of Home Economics Education, Chonnam National University, Lecturer) Corresponding author