Artificial insemination (AI) is a widely used assisted reproductive technology in livestock, but its commercialization in dogs remains limited. With the growing demand in the pet industry, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency and commercial potential of canine AI in South Korea. A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on studies published between 1990 and 2025. Fourteen relevant papers were analyzed by semen type (fresh, chilled, frozen) and insemination technique (intravaginal, intrauterine, surgical). Cost data were collected from seven overseas AI service providers between February and May 2025, covering insemination procedures and breeding timing tests. The average pregnancy and delivery rates were evaluated using two denominators: inseminations and bitches. In fresh semen, the pregnancy and delivery rates were 94.4% for both (based on inseminations), 81.1% and 83.7% (based on bitches). In chilled semen, the pregnancy and delivery rates were 95.0% for both (inseminations), 62.4% and 55.8% (bitches). In frozen semen, rates were 73.1% for delivery (inseminations) and 65.5% and 58.3% for pregnancy and delivery (bitches). Among AI techniques, intravaginal insemination rates were 58.9% for delivery (inseminations) and the pregnancy and delivery rates were 62.4% and 57.1% (bitches). In intrauterine insemination, the pregnancy rates and delivery rates were 81.8% and 86.0% (inseminations), 87.5% for both (bitches). In surgical insemination, the pregnancy rates and delivery rates were 45.0% and 73.1% (inseminations), 100.0% and 73.5% (bitches). Service costs varied among providers: intravaginal ($137), intrauterine ($345-371), and surgical ($632-777), progesterone testing ($82) and vaginal cytology ($78). Service costs varied widely among providers: intravaginal insemination averaged $137, intrauterine $345-371, and surgical $632- 777. Additional expenses included progesterone testing ($82) and vaginal cytology ($78). This study analyzes the reproductive efficiency of various canine AI methods based on experimental findings reported in the literature and examines the service models of commercially operating providers, thereby providing foundational data for the potential commercialization of canine AI technology in South Korea.

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS
    Literature review
    Survey of canine artificial insemination service costs
    Statistical analysis
STATUS OF CANINE ARTIFICIALINSEMINATION
    Reproductive efficiency by semen type
    Reproductive efficiency by artificial inseminationmethods
    Market prices for canine artificial inseminationservices
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

• Kangmin Park(Applied Animal Science Laboratory, Department of Companion Animal Industry, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea)
• Hyeyoung Jeong(Applied Animal Science Laboratory, Department of Companion Animal Industry, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea)
• Joohyeong Lee(Applied Animal Science Laboratory, Department of Companion Animal Industry, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea) Corresponding author