The white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera, is an economically important pest of rice in East Asia. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genomes of S. furcifera collected from Jeju Island and Namhae, South Korea, to examine regional mitochondrial variation and phylogenetic relationships. The mitogenomes were 17,061 bp (Jeju) and 16,078 bp (Namhae) in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. A total of 145 polymorphic sites, including gap-containing positions, were identified between the two mitogenomes, and the Namhae mitogenome showed a slightly higher AT content (76.3%) than the Jeju mitogenome (76.1%), likely reflecting intraspecific variation. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference recovered S. furcifera as a well-supported monophyletic group within Delphacinae. These mitochondrial genome data provide a useful resource for future studies on mitochondrial genome evolution and taxonomy of this pest species.