최근 한국 사회는 도박, 마약, 약물 등 정신질환과 관련된 반복 행동 패턴 범죄가 급증하고 있다. 중독과 관련된 범죄를 단순한 범죄 현상이 아닌 여러 영역이 중첩된 복합적 사회 구조 및 정신건강의 문제로 규정할 필요가 커지고 있다. 이 연구에서는 중독범죄를 정신질환 범죄 체계로 통합하여 이해하고, 이에 기반한 통합적 대응체계 를 마련하는 데 초점을 두었다. 국내외적으로 다양한 재활 프로그램과 정책이 도입되고 있음에도 불구하고 이를 뒷 받침할 정신건강의학 체계는 인력 부족, 인프라 약화, 님비현상 등으로 인해 점차 악 화되고 있는 바, 이 연구에서는 한국 정신건강의학 체계의 구조적 문제를 분석하고 해 외 사례를 비교・검토함으로써 실효성 있는 개선방안을 모색했다. 특히, 동아시아권의 의무적 치료 모델을 중심으로 중독과 정신질환 간의 연계 구조를 재검토하고 제도와 프로그램이 실질적으로 작동하기 위한 전제로서 정신건강 인프라의 강화 필요성을 제시 했다.
This study examines drug-related crime in South Korea from an integrated perspective beyond conventional criminal justice approaches. It conceptualizes substance addiction as a chronic and relapsing condition requiring sustained treatment and rehabilitation, rather than as a problem to be addressed solely through punishment. The study identifies structural limitations in the current response system. Although mechanisms such as treatment orders, protective treatment, and forensic psychiatric interventions exist, their practical utilization remains limited. In particular, the low participation in treatment-protection programs reveals a gap between institutional design and implementation, resulting in continued reliance on punitive measures. A key issue is the lack of continuity of care across the stages of investigation, trial, correction, probation, and community reintegration. While treatment interventions are partially implemented—such as through protective treatment or within forensic psychiatric institutions including the National Forensic Hospital’s drug rehabilitation programs—these efforts remain fragmented and short-term. This reduces their effectiveness in preventing recidivism. These limitations are closely related to broader weaknesses in the mental health system, including workforce shortages, limited infrastructure, and restricted access to treatment. In correctional and probation settings, supervision-oriented practices often take precedence over therapeutic interventions due to these constraints. This study argues that policy efforts should prioritize strengthening existing systems rather than introducing new institutional frameworks. In particular, establishing a “continuity of care” model and reinforcing the mental health system are essential for effective intervention. In conclusion, drug-related crime should be addressed as a structural issue requiring an integrated and long-term approach. A shift toward treatment- and rehabilitation-oriented responses is necessary, but it must be grounded in the prior reinforcement of existing systems.