본 연구는 2022년부터 2024년까지 3년간 광주광역시 유 통 쌈 채소류에 대한 잔류농약 실태조사 및 위해성 조사 를 수행하였다. 광주지역내 도매시장, 로컬푸드, 대형마트 를 통해 유통되고 있는 쌈 채소류 10품목[상추, 들깻잎, 쌈 배추, 무(잎), 쑥갓, 쌈추, 청경채, 치커리, 당귀(잎), 근대]에 대해 잔류농약 340종을 분석하였다. 3년간의 검출률과 부적 합률은 68.1%(2,414건), 3.3%(115건)였으며, 총 48종의 농약 성분이 농약 잔류허용기준(MRL)을 초과하여 검출되었다. 농약 잔류허용기준을 초과하여 검출된 농산물 115건 중 기 준치 초과 농약성분은 48종 131건이었으며, 그 중 PLS 기 준치를 초과한 70건은 전체 부적합 건수의 54.7%로 높은 수치를 보였다. 하지만, 농약성분의 위해성 평가(HI) 결과 0.000-0.168%로 안전한 수준인 것으로 확인되었다.

We aimed to analyze 340 types of pesticide residues in 3,537 samples of 10 leafy wrap vegetables (Ssam vegetables) distributed in Gwangju Metropolitan City during 2022-2024 and assess the risk associated with samples that exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The samples were pretreated using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method and subsequently analyzed via LC-MS/MS (179 compounds) and GC-MS/MS (161 compounds). The annual detection rates were 66.2% in 2022, 69.8% in 2023, and 68.7% in 2024. During the same period, the non-compliance rates remained stable at 3.4%, 3.3%, and 3.1%, respectively. The highest monthly detection rate was observed in August at 83.0%, whereas the highest non-compliance rate was recorded in July, indicating elevated detection and non-compliance rates during the summer season. By vegetable type, Angelica leaves recorded the highest detection (88.2%) and non-compliance (13.2%) rates. The most frequently detected pesticides were dinotefuran (523 detections) and azoxystrobin (317 detections). In total, 115 samples across 10 vegetable items were found to exceed the pesticide MRLs, involving 48 pesticide compounds 131 cases of MRL exceedance. Phorate was the most common pesticide resulting in non-compliance, detected in 15 instances, and lettuce was the vegetable item most frequently involved in these violations (7 cases). In the risk assessment of the contaminated vegetables, the hazard index (HI) was confirmed to be below 1, indicating a safe consumption level.

ABSTRACT
Materials and Methods
    농산물 시료
    잔류농약 분석 항목 및 시약
    잔류농약 분석방법 및 분석기기
    농산물 중 잔류농약 기준 적용
    유효성 검증
    위해성 평가
Result and Discussion
    유효성 검증
    시기별 잔류농약 검출
    쌈 채소류 품목에 따른 잔류농약 검출
    농약 성분별 잔류농약 검출
    잔류농약 위해성 평가
Acknowledgements
국문요약
Conflict of interests
ORCID
References

• 이기성(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Giseong Lee (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea) Corresponding author
• 이세미(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Se-Mi Lee (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea)
• 황다정(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Dajeong Hwang (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea)
• 이광호(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Gwangho Lee (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 박수정(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Sujung Park (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 양용식(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Yongshik Yang (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 정혜진(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Hyejin Jung (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 김진영(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Jinyeong Kim (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 류근영(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Keunyoung Ryu (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 임미현(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Mihyeon Lim (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 김유진(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Yujin Kim (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 이청미(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Cheongmi Lee (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 이창봉(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Chang Bong Lee (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 김애경(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Ae-Gyeong Kim (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 강인숙(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Insook Gang (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)
• 김진희(광주광역시보건환경연구원) | Jinhee Kim (Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju, Korea (Received January 30, 2026/Revised March 20, 2026/Accepted March 22, 2026)