The Traffic Culture Index, published annually by the central government, measures traffic behavior at the local government level. Local governments prepare annual improvement plans based on these results, but consistent implementation is often difficult under their fiscal and administrative conditions. This study examines why improvement measures are not consistently implemented in the field by identifying three structural conditions. First, public budgets face both spatial and fiscal constraints. With limited local finances, improvement works often rely on external road-project budgets that are confined to peripheral national roads, leaving them spatially separated from urban areas where the index is actually surveyed. Second, checking whether measures have been implemented depends largely on results-oriented evaluation at the national level; hence, the implementation process is difficult to monitor closely on the ground. Third, implementation tends to depend on a single department and individual officials, which makes sustained, cross-departmental coordination difficult. To address these conditions, this paper proposes an implementation framework that complements the conventional 3E approach (engineering, education, enforcement) with three principles, termed 3C: customization, community, and cooperation. Rather than requiring new municipal budgets, the strategies utilize existing and external resources within current administrative procedures. Customization links improvement measures to ongoing local projects and embeds them within the traffic impact assessment, causer-burden provision of the Road Act, and police reviews of traffic safety facilities. Community engages local nongovernmental organizations as partners that help monitor implementation on the ground. Cooperation strengthens the coordination among departments within existing procedures. By working with existing procedures and resources, these strategies offer a practical implementation framework for local governments seeking to advance their Traffic Culture Index under limited fiscal and administrative conditions.

ABSTRACT
1. 서론
2. 문헌고찰
3. 현황 진단
    3.1. 열악한 지자체 재정 및 제한된 극복 방안
    3.2. 지자체 소관 부서 중심 사업
    3.3. 공공의 노력에 대한 제한된 견제
    3.4. 시사점
4. 실용적 교통문화 개선 전략 점검
    4.1. 지자체 맞춤형 (Customization)
    4.2. 타 부서 및 유관기관 협업 (Cooperation)
    4.3. 민간단체 활용한 공공 역할 견제 (Community)
    4.4. 소결
5. 결론
REFERENCES

• 이재형(국립한국교통대학교 박사과정) | Lee Jaehyung
• 김진태(국립한국교통대학교 교수) | Kim Jin-Tae (Professor Korea National Univ. of Transportation, Graduate Shcool of Transportation, Dept. of Transportation Systems Eng., 157 Cheoldobangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang, Gyeonggi-do 16106, Republic of Korea) Corresponding author