Q fever, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, has emerged as an increasingly important zoonotic disease in the Republic of Korea since the first human cases were documented in the early 1990s. This review synthesizes domestic studies on C. burnetii epidemiology and serological surveillance in Korean cattle and goats over the past three decades. Bovine surveys document widespread but heterogeneous exposure, with seroprevalence ranging from 1.7% in indoor-housed Korean native cattle to 25.6% in dairy cattle, while caprine surveys reveal substantially higher prevalence reaching 22.7% in Korean native goats. Bulk tank milk testing in major dairy provinces identifies herd-level prevalence of 17.8%, and the predominant genomic groups (Group IV, 66.7%) are associated with chronic Q fever. Grazing emerges as the strongest documented husbandry risk factor (odds ratio 32.6), and occupational seroreactivity reaches 7-16% across dairy farmers, slaughterhouse workers, and veterinary service laboratory personnel. Molecular typing by multispacer sequence typing and multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis confirms that Korean strains share genotypes with isolates from human cases in France, Poland, and the United Kingdom, demonstrating zoonotic competence and international circulation. Recent spatial analysis demonstrates a strengthening geographic correlation between human Q fever incidence and goat density (odds ratio 1.87 in 2015-2019 rising to 2.33 in 2020-2024), with no significant cattle association. The current surveillance framework, while reinforced by the 2022 KDCA-APQA joint response, requires modernization toward risk-based, quantitative, and One Healthintegrated operation to address the persistent reservoir documented herein.

Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
    Review methods
    Historical emergence of Q fever in Korea
RESULTS
    C. burnetii seroprevalence and molecular prevalencein Korean cattle
    C. burnetii in Korean goats: Seroprevalence, moleculardetection, and abortion outbreaks
    Bulk tank milk surveillance
    Risk factors: Husbandry, grazing, species, and region
    Molecular epidemiology and genotyping
    Zoonotic aspects: Occupational exposure and spatialcorrelation
    Domestic surveillance and management system:Status, limitations, and implications
DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES

• Dae Sung Yoo(Department of Veterinary Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea) Corresponding author
• Sang-Ik Park(Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea)
• Yeong-Bin Baek(Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea)
• Jun-Gyu Park(Department of Veterinary Zoonotic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea)
• Jun Bong Lee(Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea)
• Bock-Gie Jung(Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea)