Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) operations using electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft require reliable ground energy infrastructure to ensure stable service. During congested periods, temporally concentrated flight demand can cause delays and operational instability in battery swapping stations. This study examines the operational impacts of different energy supply configurations under demand variability. Three configurations are considered: an external power grid–only condition, a distributed energy resource (DER)–applied condition, and an integrated DER and energy storage system (ESS) condition. A discrete-time simulation model is used to evaluate operational performance in terms of average waiting time, task completion rate, and battery inventory stability. The results show that the integrated DER and ESS configuration provides the most stable performance during peak-demand periods, highlighting the importance of energy storage–based integrated supply structures for resilient AAM battery swapping infrastructure.

• 이우람(경운대학교 무인항공기학부) | Wooram Lee Corresponding author
• 박병규(경운대학교 무인항공기학부) | Byung-Kyu Park