As the use of 3D virtual garment simulation expands in fashion design, virtual fashion presentation, and product visualization, understanding how users perceive garment movement is a critical and underexplored area. This study investigated users’ visual perception of and preferences for virtual clothing in dynamic contexts by analyzing the perceived naturalness of virtual flared skirts in motion. A 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design was employed to create 12 videos, with skirt length, wind effect, and walking speed as independent variables. Data were collected from 139 participants who evaluated the videos based on perceived naturalness, harmony, reality, flexibility, and preference. Walking speed and wind had statistically significant impacts on visual perception, with slow walking speed rated more highly. There was also an interaction between skirt length and wind, as short skirts were more highly rated than longer skirts in windy conditions. A multiple regression analysis indicated that perceived harmony was the strongest predictor of preference. In sum, simulation parameters such as walking speed and wind effects should be carefully calibrated to optimize the visual quality of virtual garment presentations. The findings contribute to foundational research for optimizing the dynamic presentation of 3D virtual garments, including flared skirts in particular, in both academic and practical contexts, including virtual fitting, digital fashion content, and e-commerce applications.

Abstract
I. Introduction
II. Literature review
    1. Perceived naturalness of virtual clothing
    2. Dynamic drape characteristics of clothing andinfluencing factors
Ⅲ. Method
    1. Research design and stimuli development
    2. Measurement variables and instruments
    3. Participants and data analysis
Ⅳ. Results and discussion
    1. Analysis of differences in visual perception andpreference
    2. Determinants of preference
Ⅴ. Conclusion
References

• Jisoo Ha(Professor, Dept. of Fashion and Textiles, Seoul National University, Korea, Adjunct Researcher, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Korea) Corresponding author
• Seowon Heo(Doctoral Course, Dept. of Fashion and Textiles, Seoul National University, Korea)
• Chahong Chung(Lecturer, Dept. of Fashion and Textiles, Seoul National University, Korea)