Developing adaptive clothing for wheelchair users is challenging because lower-limb paralysis and a permanent seated posture limit conventional fitting and feedback. 3D virtual fitting technology offers a promising alternative by enabling garment evaluation using digital avatars. This study developed an adaptive jacket for female wheelchair users using 3D virtual fitting and verified its suitability through usability evaluation. A virtual avatar representing the average body measurements of Korean female wheelchair users was created from the 6th Size Korea anthropometric survey. A jacket pattern reflecting wheelchair users' body characteristics was developed and evaluated using the CLO 3D program. Virtual fitting was performed in sitting and wheelchair propulsion postures to analyze garment pressure distribution and visual fit. Virtual fitting identified excessive garment pressure and poor fit around the hem, chest, shoulders, and sleeves, particularly during wheelchair propulsion. The pattern was refined based on simulation results, reducing garment pressure and improving fit and mobility. The final jacket design was produced, and five female wheelchair users tested the design in daily activity scenarios. Participants reported high satisfaction with comfort, fit, mobility, and overall usability, indicating that the jacket outperformed conventional ready-to-wear jackets during daily activities. The results demonstrate that 3D virtual fitting can be an effective option when direct fitting is difficult. The combination of digital avatar-based fitting and usability evaluation offers a practical approach for developing functional and aesthetically appropriate adaptive clothing for wheelchair users and suggests broader applications in adaptive apparel design.

Abstract
I. Introduction
Ⅱ. Methods
    1. Research subject
    2. Research avatar creation
    3. 2D pattern design of research jacket
    4. 3D pattern design and virtual fitting ofresearch jacket
    5. 3D virtual fitting pose of research jacket
    6. Production of research jacket
    7. Usability evaluation
Ⅲ. Results
    1. Virtual fitting results of research jacket
    2. Results of 3D pattern modification and virtualfitting of research jacket
    3. Results of usability evaluation of researchsubject
Ⅳ. Conclusion
References

• Kwangae Park(Research Professor, BK21 FOUR Healthcare 4C design Leaders, Inje University, Korea) | 박광애 (인제대학교 4단계 BK21 사업 헬스케어 4C Design 교육연구단, 연구교수)
• Soojin Park(Professor, Dept. of Multimedia Design, Inje University, Korea) | 박수진 (인제대학교 멀티미디어학과, 교수)
• Chungeun Yang(Professor, Dept. of Fashion Design, Daegu Catholic University, Korea) | 양정은 (대구가톨릭대학교 패션디자인과, 교수) Corresponding author