A Study on the Editions of Zhu Xi’s Jeungsonyeossihyangyak(增损吕氏乡约) Preserved in South Korea
South Korea preserves multiple copies of Zhu Xi’s Jeungsonyeossihyangyak(增损 吕氏乡约) dating from the Joseon Dynasty. This community compact was introduced to the Korean Peninsula toward the end of the Goryeo Dynasty. After state-authorities and scholar-officials began to publish, produce eonhae vernacular translations, and revise this community compact during the reign of King Jungjong of Joseon, four categories of community compacts emerged with similarity to the original compact descending from high to low. The textual origins of these community compacts are generally well-documented. They chiefly take the Jujadaejeon(朱子大全) and Sungleetaejeon(性理大全) as their source texts. Revised from these source texts by scholars such as Lee Yi(栗谷李珥, 1536~1584), this community compact gained prestige and influence and became a new source text referenced by other community compacts. Naturally, some community compacts incorporated content from multiple editions, exhibiting the hybrid nature of their textual sources. Using the Jeungsonyeossihyangyak(增损吕氏乡约) as their frame of reference, the various editions of community compacts integrated local-cultural elements and developed into distinctive compacts that reflect the social structure, governance characteristics, and state-society relations of the Joseon Dynasty, exerting a profound influence on the society of the period.
韩国藏有朝鲜王朝时期的多份朱熹《增损吕氏乡约》。该约于高丽末期传入朝鲜半 岛,在经官方与士林于朝鲜中宗时始对其进行刊布、谚解和删改后,形成了与原约相似度 由高到低的四种乡约类型,其一为完整保留了《增损吕氏乡约》的原貌,其二为保留原约 主要内容的基础上,加入了朝鲜王朝的特色内容,其三为基本保留原约内容,但朝鲜特色 乡约内容占据绝大多数,其四为仅保留原约的部分纲目,补充了反映朝鲜乡村社会现实的 条目,形成了高效的乡约结构。这些乡约的版本来源一般较为清晰,主要以《朱子大全》 《性理大全》为源本,栗谷李珥等人据此源本改编后的乡约因其声望及影响力而发展成为 其他乡约参照的新源本。当然,也有部分乡约博采众长,体现版本来源的杂糅性。各版乡 约在以《增损吕氏乡约》为纲的基础上,结合地方文化进行整合,形成了能够反映朝鲜王 朝社会结构、治理特色及官民关系的特色乡约,对当时的社会产生了深远的影响。