The study is to analyze how properly microcredit program is designed to fit the mission and target group in case of Social Solidarity Bank in South Korea, and how inadequate management infrastructure in the organization can hamper effective carrying out of the programs. The study found that contrary to the intention to be integrated program, in reality, loan and follow-up service are given more emphasis over education service under current practices. As evidence, there were no educational personnel. Neither were there enough loan and follow-up officers to provide one to one services in order to meet the needs of targets in the microcredit program. It reflects the difficulty in securing funds for education and follow-up service. Therefore, there is a great need for alternative financial resources for follow-up service and education. In order to sustain the vital loan service which depends on contribution and government grant, there is need to vitalize private contribution and direct support from government.

Feminist therapy, based on feminist philosophy, has the aim of supporting and strengthening the powers of social minority groups, including women, and bringing change to society through these efforts. Its basic principle is that of equality, seeking freedom from any prejudice or oppression coming from gender differences. Through the analysis of a commercial entitled “Show,” by Korea Telecom, this study discusses how women, and especially women’s sense of ethics, are viewed in society. The commercial has been analyzed according to ethical theories, and a tentative conclusion has been reached: Women’s ethics is more relationshiporiented and caring than that of men, and it is the product of experiences, and learned through a system. Men and women are not innately different in terms of ethics, but rather the difference is something experienced, learned, and encouraged, and people acquire this difference in the course of interacting with others in order to survive. Taking this into consideration, the current study proposes and discusses a new method of dealing with ethics in feminist therapy: The fact that difference exists should be acknowledged, and an effort should be made to ‘show’ various effects of this difference.

European countries are experiencing long–term downtrends in fertility and consequently ageing of their populations. Fertility rates are now below replacement levels (2.1 children per couple) in nearly all countries. Obviously, a decrease in natural population growth rate should be expected. These demographic trends are likely to impose very heavy penalties on the economies of European countries. In response to this plight, various governments have designed specific policy measures to raise the level of fertility so as to address the challenges that ageing populations present. From the debate, it appears that, the effectiveness of these policies somewhat have mixed outcomes. This signifies that, no single policy is likely to solve the problem. This calls for the effective combination of the various interventions. However, it is unlikely that, fertility rates will increase overnight. Somehow, governments could consider immigration of the right mix of personnel to keep the economy going until such a time that the natural population growth rate reaches the required level. However, immigration when not effectively managed could even create more problems than ageing and low fertility will do.

This article aims to describe about filling the gaps in the system of combating human trafficking and forced labor in Poland on the basis of the NGO La Strada. This system has been built for many years. We can consider it as relatively effective at the operational level in aspects such as investigation and support for victims but it is far from sufficient at the general concept of prevention. Looking at institutional level, it is obvious that one of the law enforcement agencies existing in Poland, namely Border Guard, plays rather limited role in combating THB in comparison with its potentialities (the main actor is Police). The main causes of human trafficking in Europe, Asia or Africa are universal factors such as poverty, migration and globalization. Poland and Asian countries experienced Communism. For this reason I will try to present an example of identifying the victims of human trafficking.