Jeotgal is a salty and fermented traditional Korean fish sauce. Unlike most other previous studies that investigated samples purchased from retail markets, this study focused on samples of jeotgal with traceable history to Yeonggwang, a timehonored fishing village in Korea. Three jeotgal samples, which were made from small yellow croakers, largehead hairtail, and miscellaneous fish, were selected based on information obtained from interviews with local craftsmen and literature reviews. Bacterial community profiles of the three jeotgal samples were investigated to identify indicator (and potentially core) bacteria for jeotgal ripening. The 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis revealed that the dominant phyla and classes, (Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Bacilli, and Clostridia) of the three different jeotgal were identical, albeit with different composition ratios. Diversification was evident beginning at the order level. Interestingly, each dominant order was mainly comprised of single members even at the genus level. The dominant genera included Halomonas, Tetragenococcus, Halanaerobium, Pseudomonas, Massilia, and Lentibacillus. This observed genus-level heterogeneity suggests that there are diverse bacterial signatures in jeotgal and that these can be used as indicators for jeotgal ripening and/or as starters to increase its sensory quality and functionality.

식품첨가물로 사용되는 알긴산나트륨은 알긴산염류로서 안정제, 증점제, 유화제 등의 기능을 한다. 알긴산나트륨의 정량법은 전처리가 복잡하고 분석시간이 많이 소요되어 상대적으로 간편하고 보편적인 분석법 연구가 요구되고 있 다. 분석장비로는 HPLC-UVD 및 Unison US-Phenyl 컬럼을 사용하였으며, 전처리 조건으로 진탕기를 이용하여 실온에서 150 rpm으로 180분간 추출하였다. 알긴산나트륨의 표준 용액을 5개 농도 범위에서 검량선을 작성한 결과 직선성(R2)은 평균 0.9999로 측정되었으며 검출한계(LOD) 및 정량한계(LOQ)는 각각 3.96 mg/kg, 12.0 mg/kg이었다. 또한, 천사채를 이용해 얻은 일내 및 일간 평균 회수율과 정밀도는 각각 98.47-103.74%, 1.69-3.08 RSD%이고, 빙과류에 대한 일 내 및 일간 평균 회수율과 정밀도는 각각 99.95-105.76%, 0.59-3.63 RSD%이다. 상대불확도%는 CODEX의 기준에 적합한 1.5-7.9%의 결과를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서 확립한 방법의 적용성 검토를 위해 총 103개 품목에 대한 알긴산나트륨의 함량을 정량한 결과 당면, 유탕면, 당류가공품 유형 순으로 높은 검출율을 보였다.

목적 : 본 연구는 20대가 선호하는 안경집 디자인의 핵심 요소를 도출하고자 실시되었다. 방법 : 서울지역 거주 대학생 집단을 대상으로 3단계에 걸쳐 설문조사를 시행하였다. 다양한 안경집 디자인의 예제들을 수집하고 선호도 조사를 진행한 다음, 도출된 안경집 디자인을 대상으로 SD법을 바탕으로 하는 감성평가 및 요인분석을 실시하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 결과 : 분석 결과 고유값 1을 기준으로 8개의 감성어휘가 도출되어 2개의 축으로 분류되었다. 선호도 조사에서 상위를 차지한 안경집 디자인들에서는 실용적인, 단순한, 가벼운, 단단한, 깔끔한 등의 감성언어에 대응되는 제 1 요인과 고급스러운, 둥근, 무광의 등의 감성언어에 대응되는 제 2요인이 높게 나타났으며 반대로 하위를 차지한 안경집 디자인에서는 제 1요인과 제 2요인이 낮게 나타났다. 결론 : 20대 소비자 집단은 기능성과 심미성을 주요소로 하여 안경집 디자인을 선택하는 경향이 존재하는 것으 \로 나타났다.

The objective of this study was to prove the effect of pig slurry application with charcoal on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), feed value and ammonia (NH3) emission from maize forage. The four treatments were applied: 1) non-pig slurry (only water as a control), 2) only pig slurry application (PS), 3) pig slurry application with large particle charcoal (LC), 4) pig slurry application with small particle charcoal (SC). The pig slurry was applied at a rate of 150 kg N ha-1, and the charcoal was applied at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 regardless of the size. To determine the feed value of maize, crude protein, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, total digestible nutrient, and relative feed value were investigated. All feed value was increased by charcoal treatment compared to water and PS treatment. Also, the NUE for plant N was significantly higher in charcoal treatments (LC and SC) compared to PS treatment. On the other hand, there is no significant difference for feed value and NUE between LC and SC. The NH3 emission was significantly reduced 15.2% and 27.9% by LC and SC, respectively, compared to PS. Especially, SC significantly decreased NH3 emission by 15% compared to LC. The present study clearly showed that charcoal application exhibited positive potential in nitrogen use efficiency, feed value and reducing N losses through NH3 emission.

The lack of short baselines, referred to as the short-spacing problem (SSP), is a well-known limitation of the performance of radio interferometers, causing a reduction of the ux detected from source structure on large angular scales. The very large number of antennas operated in the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) generates situations for which the impact of the SSP takes a complex form, not simply measurable by a single number, such as the maximal recoverable scale. In particular, extended antenna congurations, complemented by a small group of closeby antennas at the centre of the array, may result in a double-humped baseline distribution with a signicant gap between the two groups. In such cases one should adopt as the effective maximal recoverable scale the one associated with the extended array and use only the central array to recover missing ux, as one would do with single dish or ACA (Atacama Compact Array) observations. The impact of the missing baselines can be very important and may easily be underestimated, or even overlooked. The present study uses ALMA archival data of the 29SiO(8-7) line emission of the AGB star W Hydrae for a demonstration. A critical discussion of the reliability of the observations away from the star is presented together with comments of a broader scope. Properties of the circumstellar envelope of W Hya within 15 au from the star, many of which are not mentioned in the published literature, are brie y described and compared with R Doradus, an AGB star having properties very similar to W Hya.