草地生態系에 있어서의 칼리 (K)의 動態에 관한 硏究의 한 부분으로서, 草地土壞의 表面에 놓인 牧 草落葉의 分解에 따른 칼리의 溶出狀況을 그외의 無機養分의 溶出과 比較하여, 칼리溶出의 特性을 알아 낼 目的으로 실험을 수행했다. 초지토양의 표면에 놓인 牧草葉은 1年의 시험기간중에 當初乾物量의 약30%로 分解되었으며, 그分解速度는 月隣水量보다는 平均氣溫과 더 높은 相關關係를 보였다. 낙엽분해에 따르는 植物體로 부터의 養分溶出은 칼리>인(P)>마그네슘(Mg)

To examine relations between stellar activity and rotation we estimated parameters of stellar activity such as R′ H K , R′ M g I I , R′ C I I , R′ C I V and R′ X − r a y from the published data which measure the activity levels of stellar chromospheres, transition regions and coronae. In the present study we considered only the main sequence stars in an attempt to minimize the influence of other stellar parameters such as radius, age and stellar convection on stellar activity since they are also known to affect the magnetic field generation. In the present analysis we selected only those stars that satisfy the following conditions: (1) flux measurements are available together with Ca II fluxes and (2) rotation periods are determined by Ca II observations. We derived relations between the ¯Rossby number Ro and stellar activity R′ H K , R′ M g I I , R′ C I I , R′ C I V and R′ X − r a y and assessed the relations by plotting R′ H K , R′ M g I I and R′ X − r a y against rotation period P rot for comparison with observations. From the comparison it is found that as far as the rotation-activity relation is concerned, (1) normalized surface flux R′ H K is better than the surface flux F′ H K , in the sense that R′ H K differentiates the color dependence better and (2) R′ H K defined by Rutten (1984) describes the observations notably better than R′ H K of Noyes et al. (1984).

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 기상환경(氣象環境) 및 예취관리(刈取管理)가 주요(主要) 북방형(北方型) 목초(牧草)의 물질생산성(物質生産性)과 에너지가치(價値)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코자 한국(韓國)의 Suweon, Cheju 및 Taekwalyong과 서독(西獨)의 Freising 및 Braunschweing에서 1975~79년간(年間) 동시(同時)에 실시(實施)되었다. 공시초종(供試草種)은 orchardgrassm perennial

광주기 16:8(명기:암기) 온도 이상 이하의 실험실 조건에서 코드링나방(Laspeyresia pomonella) 수컷의 활동리듬을 활동력 측정장치로 조사한 바, 소등시에 한번(제1활동기)과 점등시에 한번(제2활동기)의 두 번의 활동최성기를 나타내었다. 제1활동기는 소등 시간 전에 시작되었으며 소등신호에 의해 활동시작시간이 결정되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 계속조명조건에서는 활동주기가 24시간보다 약간 길어지는 경향이었으며 이는 곤충의 일주활동성의 특성에 부합되는 것으로 나타났다. 광주기 16:8 하에서 부터 까지 8단계의 온도조건을 두어 숫나방의 활동리듬을 조사한 결과 에서는 전혀 활동하지 못하였다. 또한 이하의 온도에서는 제2활동기가 나타나지 않았으며 이하에서는 제1활동기 중 암기에서의 활동이 완전히 억제되었다. 온도범위 하에서는 온도가 상승함에 따라 제2활동기와 제1활동기 중 암기에서의 활동성이 증대되었다. 이러한 온도상승에 따른 제1활동기의 암기에서의 활동력 증대로 인하여 활동 평균시간이 암기쪽으로 이동하였다. 코드링나방의 온도에 따른 평균 활동시간의 변동은 상기한 저온에서의 암기에 활동력 감퇴에 의해 나타나는 것으로 추정된다.

New empirical relations between stellar CaII emission and rotation or age are derived by analyzing Wilson's CaII flux measurements (1968, 1978) of lower main sequence stars, and then we correlate them with their age and rotation rate. It is found that stellar chromospheric emission decays smoothly with age as a star slows down rotationally, establishing that both the emission level and rotation rate decrease with the square root of age.

Making use of a relation proposed by Wielen (1977), a new empirical relation between Call emission flux and stellar age is derived by analyzing Wilson and Woolley's spectroscopic data (1970) of late type main sequence stars (K0-M5) and kinematic properties of those stars given by Gliese (1969). The proposed relation shows that the emission flux excess of the Call H-K lines, F ′ k + F ′ k introduced by Linsky et al. (1979) decreases with stellar age τ as τ − 0.51 , consistent with the inverse square law as noted by Skumanich (1972).

With the increase of pesticide consumption, not only pesticide handling population would grow greater but also the chances to be exposed to the pesticides would be also increased. Thus, safe use and handling of the pesticides are becoming more important and serious in these days. The pesticides are well known to most pepole, however there are very limited number of persons who have correct understanding of chamicals. Intoxication cases caused by pesticides have been reported very rarely through the mess media, even they were lack of scientific evidences. In this paper, problems related to pesticide manufacture, transportation, storage, sprays, and residues and their countermeasures were discussed in connection with public health and enviromental aspects. Acute intoxication cases by pesticide handling might be caused accidently either through manufacture, marketing, transportation, or spraying. Safety aspects of workers in manufacturing plants include not only exposure to toxic chemicals, but also posibilities of of explosion and brought about by pesticides and their diluents. The problems of water pollution by waste chemicals from the manufacturing factories were discussed. Packing and loading methods of pesticides for transportation are considered in safety scheme and discussions are given in association with traffic accidents. With regard to warehouse, the pesticide storage, location structure, keepers, and standing materials for emergency are concerned with safety aspects. Concerning the spraying of chemicals, there are some problems to be discussed about clothes, spray equipment, wind direction, spray period, and spray workers condition. After the spray, treatment of used containers, remainder of Pesticides, and spray tools are also discussed. For the dissolutions of problems on public health and environmental danger arising from pesticide residues, there are two legal sanctions, 'Pesticide Tolerances' and 'Pesticide Safe Use Standards'. These regulations are legally effective, however, some problems still remain in practices to implement the acts properly, because these provisions are followed by the far mers mostly. With these regards, most problems are concerned with various sectors and persons, affecting public health and environment from the producers to the end users and consumers. As a whole persons concerned with pesticides, every possible effort has to be assembled to protect hazards from the chemicals. For the foremost place, special training and education are required for managing groups, such as factory managers and agricultural extension workers who are responsible for training the factory workers and farmers. The education is the only way to solve the hazard problems caused by the pesticides.