This present study investigated the effects of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and chin tuck (CT) on middle thoracic erector spinae, lower thoracic erector spinae, and lumbar erector spinae muscle activity during three prone thoracic extension (PTE) exercises. Twelve healthy subjects performed preferred PTE, ADIM PTE, and ADIM-CT PTE. Surface electromyography was used to collect data on the muscle activity of dominant middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscles and the lumbar erector spinae. Middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscle activity significantly increased when ADIM and CT was performed (p<.05). However, lumbar erector spinae muscle activity significantly decreased in ADIM PTE compared to preferred PTE (p=.017) and significantly increased in ADIM-CT PTE compared to ADIM PTE (p=.004). In conclusion, ADIM-CT PTE effectively increased middle and lower thoracic erector spinae muscle activity, and ADIM PTE decreased lumbar erector spinae muscle activity. Hence, ADIM PTE could be a recommended exercise maneuver to strengthen thoracic erector spinae without over activation of lumbar erector spinae.

Thousands of mushrooms grow wild in earth and fifteen hundreds of mushrooms in Asia. Mushrooms has been used for food ingredients since early times. Recently it is being used as a good pharmaceutical material or functional bio-material. Because of unknown function, it is worth while to examine the wild mushrooms. We performed experiments with 15species(Russula sorroria, Lactarius japonicum, Tylopilus vireus, Amanita, Russula foetens, pseudoporphyia, etc.) of wild mushrooms. With Methyl alcohol extracts of wild mushrooms, we have investigated the cell growth inhibition by the MTT assay and antioxidant effects by DPPH. Among them, showed excellent results. In this meaning, Forward a variety of biologically research(antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects) is needed.

Nosema disease caused by Nosema apis which belongs to fungi is a major cause of honey production loss and is worldwide in distribution. N. apis infects the epithelial cells of the digestive system of adult honeybees. Nosema causes significant losses in population size of honeybee. There are about 25 thousand beekeepers caring for approximately 1,697,000 colonies in Korea. Honey production totaled almost 38,505 metric tons in 2010. This production was estimated to be worth about 274 billion Korean won. To determine infection level of nosema disease during the season, adult worker bees were collected from two colonies of experiment apiary from January to October. Our results indicate that the infection level of nosema disease was increased in spring and autumn. Also we initiated a survey of honeybee colonies on the blooming period of Acacia to determine the prevalence of N. apis. Twenty two hives owned by 18 beekeepers were sampled for this study. Bees were collected on 24th and 25th May of 2012. Nosema spore counts ranged from zero to 5,266,000 spores per bee. The average number of nosema spores per bee was calculated to be 1,375,000. Approximately 86% of the apiaries examined were infected with nosema, based on the presence of spores in the flowering period of Acacia. This indicates that nosema is the predominant species affecting honeybee colonies.

This study aims to examine the effects of taping of the ankle joint on the static and dynamic balance and gait ability of stroke patients. Twenty-six stroke patients receiving physical therapy at a hospital located in Gyeonggi-do were divided equally into a group that had taping in physical therapy and an ordinary physical therapy group. They exercised for 30 minutes each, 3 times per week for 8 weeks from June to August 2011. Romberg’s eye open and eye closed tests, limits of stability(LOS), forward and back test, timed up and go test(TUG) and 10-meter gait velocity test were performed to evaluate static balance, dynamic balance, and gait ability, respectively, prior to and 8 weeks after the intervention. Differences within each group in relation to the lapse of time were compared by a paired t-test. Differences between the two groups were compared by an independent t-test. Regarding comparison of differences within each group, all tests resulted in significant changes in both groups after the intervention (p<.05). Comparison of differences between the two groups showed that taping in the physical therapy group had significantly better test results than the ordinary physical therapy group in all measured items(p<.05). The after effects of ankle taping on stroke patients are more efficient and effective than ordinary physical therapy alone in improving balance and gait ability.

The present study purposed to examine the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage on the recovery of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction. The subjects of this study were 45 healthy students. They were divided into transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group(n=15), self-stretching group(n=15) and functional massage group(n=15), and using Primus RS. We observed the pattern of changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) after causing muscle fatigue in quadriceps femoris muscle through sustained isotonic contraction. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction force(MVIC) were greatly increased after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, self-stretching and functional massage. In the comparison of recovery rate of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction among the treatment groups, it did not show any significant differences. However, it showed that each treatment may be effective in recovery of muscle fatigue caused by sustained isotonic contraction.

Few studies address the use of manual muscle stretching to improve spinal active range of motion(AROM). There is evidence that‘ Hold-Relax’(HR) is effective for increasing ROM in the extremities, which leads the researchers to anticipate similar benefits in the spine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of HR(trunk flexors) and active thoracic flexion and extension on thoracic mobility, specifically flexion and extension in healthy individuals. A convenience sample of 30 physical therapy students(22-38 years) were randomly assigned to intervention sequence ‘A-B’ or ‘B-A’, with at least 7 days between interventions. Intervention‘ A’ consisted of HR of the ventral trunk musculature while ‘B’ consisted of thoracic flexionextension AROM. Thoracic flexion and extension AROM were measured before and after each intervention using the double inclinometer method. Paired t-tests were used to compare AROM pre and post-intervention for both groups, and to test for carry-over and learning effects. There was a statistically significant increase(mean=3° ; p=0.006) in thoracic extension following HR of the trunk flexors. There were no significant changes in thoracic flexion following HR, or in flexion or extension following the AROM intervention. No carryover or learning effects were identified. HR may be an effective tool for improving AROM in the thoracic spine in pain free individuals. Further investigation is warranted with symptomatic populations and to define the minimal clinical difference(MCD) for thoracic spine mobility.

Smart work is advanced business concepts can work efficiently anytime and anywhere beyond conventional office working. Smart work includes mobile office using mobile devices, remote working(home working) using video conferencing system and mart work center. This paper presents development processes of a smart work for After business especially for the elevator industry. We called developed smart work for A/S work. A/S work using iPhone has some advantages compare to previous A/S system: 1) Before/After photo management. 2) The assessment process to customer satisfaction. 3) The work history management using app. 4) The inquiry and confirmation function to current status of all workers. 5) The group SMS function sending selected workers. A/S work was used ‘M’ elevator A/S business and found to be a efficient smart work system.

Cleanroom could be largely classified into industrial cleanroom that can be contaminated by particlesand bio-cleanroom that can be contaminated by biological particles. Electrical manufacturing companies such as precision machines and electrical parts essentially have industrial cleanroom facilities and clean technologies to produce defects free products due to particles.Industrial cleanroom should be controlled in respect of 4M1E to prevent from foreign materials of submicro unit and to keep out contamination sources from outside. In this paper, a concept for a quantitative methodology to measure the particles from running components was suggested by combining both newly making clean booth such as wear tester and laser particle counter.

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between anaerobic・aerobic exercise intensity and hand steadiness. Based on physiological analysis the conceptual model explaining that both increased anaerobic and aerobic exercise intensity reduce hand steadiness is suggested, which is verified through the experiment with 20 subjects. Hand steadiness is the critical contributor to having an effect on the job performance just as in the rifle shooting and archery in sports, and the microscope-related job requiring hand steadiness in industries, and so forth. In anaerobic exercise experiment the hand steadiness is measured through hand steadiness tester having 9 different diameter holes after each subject exerts 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of maximum back strength measured by back muscle dynamometer. In aerobic exercise condition after they do jumping jack, it is evaluated at each time heart rate reaches 115%, 130%, and 145% of reference heart rate measured in no exercise. The findings are that an increased intensity in both types of exercises tend to decrease hand steadiness, but hand steadiness at 25% of maximum back strength and 115% of reference heart rate is rather higher than at no exercise. Just as the association between cognitive stress and job performance has upside-down U form, so does the relation of physical loading to hand steadiness, which means that a little exercise has a tendency to improve hand steadiness compared to one in no exercise condition .