Various assumptions used in interpreting the observations of hydrogen recombination lines are critically assessed to confirm the gradient of electron temperature with distance from the galactic center. The total temperature increase from 5 to 13 kpc is about 2,500 K. Among many suggestions, we have singled out the decrease of trace dement abundances with the galactoccntric distance as the most viable cause for the temperature gradient. This will impose an important constraint on evolutionary models of the Galaxy.
본시험은 한국산항생물질 또는 항생균의 개발이용을 목적으로 한 기초연구로서 주로 전년도의 계속연구와 아울러 토양시료로부터 새로히 항생세균을 분리하였다. 청주부근의 토양시료 500점으로부터 83점의 항생균을 분리하였으며 이들은 주로 gram음성균인 Escherichia coli에 유효한 것을 선별하였다. 이들에 대한 연구는 앞으로 계속할 것이며 수년간 계속 연구중인 우수항생균 JS7501은 그동안 수차에 걸쳐 재선별하였기 때문에 JS901로 개칭하여 본시험에 공시하였으며 항균작용법 위도 재확인하였으며 주로 추출을 목적으로 용매추출, 흡착, TLC, 이온교환 수지 등을 총동원하였으나 TLC에 의하여 활성이 확인된 4 spot를 분리할 수 있었다. JS7901의 배양배지로서는 Soytone Sugar배지가 가장 높은 항균력을 보였으며 Soytone보다는 Sugar가 활성물질 증가와 관계가 있었다.
Temperature history of very small interstellar dust particles is followed under diffuse interstellar radiation. Because of extremely small thermal capacities of these grains with sizes ranging from a few tens to hundred Angstroms in radii, they are to experience strong fluctuations in temperature whenever they are hit by interstellar ultraviolet photons. Fluctuating temperature can inhibit these smaller component of interstellar dust from growing into core-mantle particles of submicron sizes by continuously evaporating atoms and molecules adsorbed on their surface. This is interpreted as a possible physical reason for the bimodal nature in grain size distribution. A brief discussion is also given to the far infrared emission properties of such small grains in diffuse interstellar dust clouds.
Although Serkowski used a single value K=1.15 in representing all the observed interstellar linear polarization curves by his empirical relation p ( λ ) / P m a x =exp (-K 1 n 2 ( λ m a x / λ ) ), where p m a x is the maximum polarization at wavelength λ m a x , we have noticed a meaningful variation in K from observations of 72 stars. By comparing K's with P m a x / E B − V a n d w i t h λ m a x , we have examined how the shape of the polarization curve is related with the degree of grain alignment on one hand, and with grain sizes on the other. We have shown that correlations between K, P m a x / E B − V a n d w i t h λ m a x , are consistent with the idea of Davis-Greenstein mechanism for grain alignment.
벼를 가해하는 4종의 멸구매미충 즉 애멸구, 끝동 매미충, 벼멸구 및 흰등멸구의 경제적 중요성에 대한 지역적 차이를 수원과 남부 그리고 남서 해안지역에서 수행한 개체군의 밀도조사를 토대로 분석 검토하였다. 한국에서 년중 볼 수 있는 애멸구와 끝동 매미충의 경제적 중요성은 중부지방이 덜한 것으로 보인다. 이는 겨울의 추운 기후조건, 벼, 보리의 경작 방법 및 거미류 같은 천직에 의해서 지연 치사작용이 효과적으로 일어나는 때문인 것으로 믿어진바. 그러나 남부지방에서는 겨울이 덜 춥고 벼, 보리의 경작방법이 이 두 해충의 생활환과 기주식물의 계절적 변천 양자의 재일성에 유리한 편이어서 이들의 경제적 중요성은 확실히 크다고 하겠다. 한국에서 원동을 하지 못하는 벼멸구와 흰등멸구의 매년 첫 발생개체군은 동지나해를 건너 원거리를 이동해 오는 것들에 기인된다. 이들의 이동과 관련을 갖고 있는 기상요소로 해서 이동되어오는 벼멸구와 흰등멸구의 양은 중부지방보다 남부지방에서 월등히 많다. 그러므로 벼를 가해하는 멸구매미충류에 대한 종합방제책으로 중부와 남부지방 별로 지침을 달리 세울 것이 요망된다.
방사선을 이용한 도열병연구의 기초자료로서 도열병균의 포자와 발아균계에 각각 X-ray 10, 40, 80, 120kR를 조사시켜 그들의 방사선감수성 및 생존율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 도열병균의 포자발아율은 X-ray 소사선량의 증가에 반비례하여 감소되었으며 120kR에서는 거의 생존하지 못하였다. 2. 비교적 저선량인 10kR 조사에서는 초기발아관신장의 촉진 현상을 보였으며 선량의 증가에 따라 균계의 사멸 현상이 현저하였다. 3. X-ray 조사에 의한 발아균계의 생존율 및 신장은 선량의 증가에 반비례하여 감소하였다. 4. X-ray를 조사받은 발아균계는 포자에 비하여 높은 방사선 감수성을 보였으며, 고선량일수록 그 차이는 현저하였다. 5. X-ray 조사에 의한 도열병균의 돌연변이율은 조사선량에 정비례하여 증가하였다.
통일품종이 가지는 도열병 저항성의 요인을 구명하기 위하여 수도체내에 함유하는 질소, 규산 및 Flavonoid함량을 분석하고 시비수준을 달리하여 재배한 풍광에서 이들 성분함량이 도열병 발병율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. 수도체내 규산과 Flavonoid 함량은 질소 시비량과 반비례하고 규산 시비량과는 정비례하여 증가하였다. 2. 도열병 상습답에서의 도열병 발병율은 체내 질소함량에 정비례하고 규산함량에 반비례하였다. 3. 도열병에 대하여 저항성인 통일에서는 저항성의 요인이 되는 규산 및 Flavonoid의 체내함량이 이병성인 풍광에 비하여 현저히 높았다. 4. 규화세포의 수는 고엽일수록 많고 생육의 진전에 따라 증가하였으며 풍광에서 보다는 통일에서 현저히 높았다. 5. 이들 체내 성분의 함량은 통일이 갖는 도열병 저항성의 한 요인인 것으로 보였다.
새로운 수도품종통일에 발생하는 갈색엽고병 유사증상을 발견하여 그 병반에서 병원균을 분리하여 그 형태를 조사하였으며 분생포자, 병반상에 형성하는 자남, 자남포자의 기재를 타연구자를의 문헌과 비교한 결과, 이는 일본에서도 보고된 바 있는 갈색엽고병임이 확인되었으며 병원균이 Fusarium nivale로 동정되었다. 또한 포장조건하에서는 본병은 다질소구에서 그 발생이 현저히 많았음을 관찰하였고, 본균의 생육적온은 였다.
Uranium-contaminated soil can be effectively decontaminated through acid leaching; however, this process process generates significant amounts of radioactive wastewater. Therefore, developing efficient methods to remove uranium from wastewater is essential to minimize radioactive waste generation. This study investigates the applicability of various precipitation methods for uranium removal from acidic wastewater produced during soil-washing processes. Three methods were evaluated: metal hydroxide (M–OHx) co-precipitation, uranium peroxide (UO4) precipitation, and uranium phosphate (KUO2PO4) precipitation. The M–OHx precipitation method removes uranium by precipitating excess metal ions in wastewater by adjusting the pH. This method is easy to use and has a high removal efficiency. The UO4 and KUO2PO4 precipitation methods involve adding reagents to precipitate uranium in the mineral phase. They enable selective uranium separation and further volume reduction. In the results, M–OHx and KUO2PO4 precipitation methods remove uranium to less than 1 mg∙L−1 within 2 h, demonstrating superior capabilities compared to UO4 precipitation. The optimal method is different depended on the management strategy for the recovered uranium. The M–OHx precipitation method was suitable for permanent disposal, whereas KUO2PO4 could be recycled. Based on these findings, guidelines for the effective treatment of wastewater containing uranium from the soil-washing process can be established.
Uranium-contaminated soil can be cleaned using an acid washing process. However, high-concentration acid washing generates substantial amounts of radioactive waste, making it essential to develop a treatment process using low-concentration acid. This study evaluated the effectiveness of low-concentration sulfuric acid washing for uranium removal from contaminated soil. Experiments were conducted with a 0.05 M sulfuric acid solution. With a mixing ratio of soil to acid solution at 1:5, three consecutive washes were sufficient to remove uranium from contaminated soil to clearance level. During the acid washing process, real-time pH monitoring was performed to analyze the correlation between uranium leaching and pH changes. This led to the establishment of a monitoring-based process control strategy. In conclusion, we identified an effective method for removing uranium from soil under low acid concentration conditions. Consequently, significant reductions in radioactive waste generation are anticipated.
Acid-washed solutions containing various ions, including uranium, are produced by washing uranium-bearing soil or minerals with H2SO4. Conventional extraction processes are complex, as they involve multiple steps and generate significant amounts of radioactive organic waste, posing environmental risks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simplified process that can selectively extract uranium while minimizing radioactive waste production. In this study, thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed to investigate the selective extraction of uranium through its reaction with H2O2. A basic additive was introduced to facilitate this reaction. The calculation results indicated that uranium in acid-leached solutions could be selectively extracted through a single-step precipitation process, which was experimentally validated. These findings can be utilized to design an efficient process for obtaining high-purity uranium from uranium-bearing soil or minerals.
The increase in radioactive waste increased the demand for transportation to the disposal facility. Prior to transporting radioactive waste, confirming that the potential exposure is insignificant is crucial. Overland transportation risk assessment models were developed tailored to domestic characteristics. Dose assessment using this model requires selecting appropriate factors. However, users may struggle to derive appropriate values, leading to inaccuracies. Additionally, if assessment results show outliers, prioritizing factors for review can be challenging. Therefore, sensitivity analysis is necessary to prioritize factors for accurate assessment. In this study, sensitivity analysis was conducted on the on-link public risk assessment model factors for radioactive waste overland transportation. Initially, assessment models were analyzed by each detailed exposure scenario. Subsequently, uncertainty propagation-based sensitivity analysis methodology was applied. The default values for the assessment model factors were set, and sensitivity analysis was conducted based on road type for maximum individual and collective dose assessment models. For the maximum individual dose model, the distance to the samedirection vehicle was the most sensitive, whereas for the collective dose model, vehicle velocity was the most sensitive. The results of this study can be used as the basic data on radioactive waste transportation risk assessment in Korea in the future.