Soil NH4-N content became higher in proporlion to the increase in the urea application rate, while in livestock faeces compost (LFC) plots, it became lower than in urea plots and had no significant difference statistically among LFC plots. There was a close relationship between phosphate ferlilization rate and the increment of soil available phosphate content after experiment resulting y=O. 1788x-6. 169 (R~=O. 9425) when applied fused superphosphate ferlilizer, and y=0.0662x-2.689(R~=0.9315) when applied LFCs by the same amounts of phosphate (x: phosphate application, kg ha, y: increment in soil available phosphate content, mg kg). Plant height, number of stems, nutrients uptake by rice and rice yield showed higher levels in N 100, 150% application plots of chemical ferlilizers, while every LFC plots exhibited lower values and no significant difference among them. Relative nitrogen ferlilization efficiencies of LFCs compared to urea was 12.3% for cattle faeces compost (CaFC), 8.8 for swine faeces compost (SwFC) and 24.6 for chicken faeces compost (ChFC), respectively.

Green manure crops play an inportant role in organic farming. Field experiment was conducted at paddy soi1 (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aeric Fluvaquentíc Endoquepts) ín 2008/2009 to 2009/2010 at the Natíonallnstítute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggí provínce, Korea. This expe꺼ment was carried out to evaluate the biomass of haíry vetch (Vicia víllosa) and growth of rice (Oryza satíva) by cjífferent seedíng rates. Seeding rates of hairy vetch consisted of 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-' by broadcasting before rice harvesting. The biomass af)d nitrogen production of hairy vetch were not significantly different between 60 kg ha-’ and 90 kg ha-’ of seeding rates. Also, rice yield was not siginicantly differnt between seeding rate 60 kg ha-’ of hairy vetch and conventional pratice for two years. Therefore, we suggested that seeding rate of hairy vetch should be reduced by continuous cropping and incoportion of hairy vetch under rice-based cropping system.

The main nutritional problem of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolorxSorghum sudanese) silage is low quality and palatability. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether organic com grain and crushed rice addition of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage increases forage quality of the silage. The sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silages with added com grain and crushed rice were similar to conventional corn silage in moisture content. However organic sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage had low pH values. Silage added with gain and byproduct had higher crude ash, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents than control corn silages, while its non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the opposite results. Lactic acid, butyric acid and lactic percentage oftotal organic acid (UT) of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silages were higher than those of com silage, but acetic acid was higher than control. In vitro dry matter digestibi/ity (IVDMD) of com silage was higher than other sorghum silages. Feed intake of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage added with crushed rice was highest among silages. Therefore, these data indicate that crushed rice and com grain added sorghumxsudangrass hybrid silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing silage quality and palatability.

To investigate the forecasting of plant disease and insect for an agricultural complex and farm in environment-friendly cultivation of Rice, environment-friendly agricultural five complexs and five farms were selected in Youngam and Naju area, Jonnam, Korea. Preventation objects of plant disease and insect were leaf blast, neck blast, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, and hopper. Factors of sheath blight occurrence in environment-friendly ag꺼cultural complex were a fast transplanting time and a naπ。w planting density. Bacterialleaf blight in rice occurred severely in the area under water. Rice growth in environment-friendly agricultural complex was decreased heavy drying by hopper appearance.

Among the developed bío-degradable polymer fílms as compared wíth transparent fílm(Whíte), black polymer fílm was sígnífícantly more effectíve for controllíng weeds ín red pepper. Also, we found that whíte and black polymer mulchíng had 81.8% and 97.9% of managing weed controllíng effects in rice, respectively. Compared to nonmulched rice paddy with water supply, the non-mulched rice paddy wíthout any water supply has stopped its growth at 41 days after transplantíng, whíle polymer -mulched rice paddy without water supply had about 60% of normally growing rice plants. This shows the polymer treatment has a remarkable effect on water and power saving, solution of herbicidal resistance, avoidance of herbícidal influence to eco-system etc. When the naturally decomposíng polymer was used, a temperature was elevated as high as 4.7 ℃ on maximum and 2.6 ℃ on average. Also the naturally decomposing polymer accelerated rooting by 7 days and lowered a stress level from transplanting. The weed control effect mulched by polymer was remarkable as 98. 7%. The p이ymer now, after 294 days treated on the rice paddy, has been completely decomposed.

After his conversion in 1927, Eliot started a new life. This new life was directed by George Bell, Bishop of Chichester, whose interest was in the reconciliation of the Church and the arts. Eliot appears to have taken seemingly two divergent roads laid by George Bell after his meeting with the bishop in 1930; one is turning his gift towards poetic drama and another is moving towards the Church of England as a Christian social critic while reconciling two different activities in his career. After the Oxford Conference in 1937, an order of Christian lay people called the Moot emerged by dint of J. H. Oldham who was a prime mover of the Oxford Conference. The Moot, the group of distinguished intellectuals, met from 1938 to 1947 to discuss the nature of modern society, the relationship between social planning and freedom, and the role of religiously-based values in shaping society. Learning much from discussions with other intellectuals in the Moot, Eliot, one of the core members of the Moot who attended 12 meetings out of 21 total meetings, formulated his idea of a Christian elite which is necessary for shaping an ideal Christian society. Distinguishing between an elite and the clerisy in his paper ‘On the Place and Function of the Clerisy’ delivered to the Moot meeting in December 1944, Eliot defined the often confusing terms precisely—elite is ‘any category of men and women who because of their individual capacities exercise significant power in any particular area’. However, the clerisy is ‘those individuals who originate the dominant ideas, and alter the sensibility, of their time’ at the top. This means that the clerisy is elite at the highest level who generate the new ideas of their time, including the new expression of an old idea, and who alter sensibility. Thus, Eliot’s use of the term clerisy includes clergy and laity as Samuel Coleridge did, however, Eliot’s idea of the clerisy is wider than that of Samuel Coleridge whose clerisy implies a body of the definite vocation which tends to become ‘merely a brahminical caste’. Eliot’s clerisy is even wider than the ‘Community of Christians’ which he expounded in The Idea of a Christian Society in 1939; ‘the consciously and thoughtfully practicing Christians, especially those of intellectual and spiritual superiority’.

A. arguta is found nationwide whether the altitude is low or high if good drainage is achieved with plenty of water. The distribution of A. polygama seems to be more limited to higher altitude than A. arguta so it can be found in deep valley of highland even in Mt. Halla. A. kolomikta seems rather limited to colder area than A. arguta to Mt. Jiri to the south. Meanwhile, A. rufa is very confined to southern islands including Jeollanamdo and Jeju islands. Some institutes still continue to utilize Korean native Actinidia plants commercially since early 1980"s. More collaborative efforts are needed for further development of these plants nationwide.

In T. S. Eliot’s early poetry there is a fascination with sexual behavior, sexual criminality, and even instances of cannibalism. These occur in both his published work and in his unpublished Columbo and Bolo poems. Critical attention on this aspect of Eliot’s early work has focused on the themes of gender and race. His attitudes towards women have been well studied by feminist scholars. The critical focus on the Columbo and Bolo poems has emphasized Eliot’s attitudes towards African Americans and his consciousness of race in the American context. But there is another way of understanding these themes and this has rather more to do with class than gender or race. Eliot’s emblematic figure for the ordinary man from the lower classes, namely his Sweeney persona, has a decidedly Irish character. Eliot’s references to sex crimes and cannibalism emphasize the presence of such savagery, not in what used to be called ‘primitive’ societies, but in the very heart of civilization. For a well-educated, upper middle class young man with a New England background during the period of Irish immigration to America and to the political assertiveness of the Irish in both the United States and Great Britain, there is more to fear from the Sweeneys than from comical characters like King Bolo.

In order to produce the organic foods in accord with international standard, organic seeds should be used in organic farming. This study was conducted to establish the stable production of organic seed of waxy corn by examining the growing characteristics, seed yield, and the economy for seed production by organic farming. The optimal sowing timing for organic seed production of waxy corn hybrid was within 10 days of the 1st of May with yield of 88~90% of conventional seed production. The optimal planting density was 41,600 plants/ha (80×30 cm) for organic seed production of waxy corn. The weight of 100 seeds and seed productivity increased at the planting ratio of 2:1 mother plant:male plant. Growth and seed production were improved by removing male plant at 7~10 days after silking. Organic fertilizer (mixed oil cake) was applied at a rate of 4~6 Mg/ha before sowing. Black plastic mulching was used for weed control. In addition, sex pheromone trap and bio-control agents were used for safe pest control and low labour cost.

A leisure ship has a stand-alone type power system, and a generator is in use on this condition. But the generator cannot be operated in condition of leisure activity, ocean measurement and etc, because of environment and noise. Recently, renewable energy system is connected with power system of the leisure-ship for saving energy. The renewable energy system can not supply the stable power to leisure-ship because power generation changes according to weather condition. And most of the leisure ship is operated without methodical power management system. This study's purpose is to develop SPMS(Smart Power Management System) algorithm using the renewable energy (photovoltaic, wind power and etc.). The proposed algorithm is able to supply stable the power according to operation mode. Furthermore, the SPMS manages electric load (sailing and communication equipment, TV, fan, etc.) and reduces operating times of the generator. In this paper, the proposed algorithm is realized and executed by using LabVIEW. As a result, the hour for operating the generator is minimized.

It is necessary to develop the one stop system in order to protect our marine environment rapidly from oil spill accident. The purpose of this study is to develop real time database for oil spill prediction modeling and implement real time prediction modelling with ESI and server-client GIS based user interface. The existing oil spill prediction model cannot provide one stop information system for public and government who should protect sea from oil spill accident. The development of multi user based information system permits integrated handling of real time meteorological data from external ftp. A server-client GIS based model is integrated on the basis of real time database and ESI map to provide the result of the oil spill prediction model. End users can access through the client interface and request analysis such as oil spill prediction and GIS functions on the network as their own purpose.

This paper compares the English language programs of two maritime institutes in very different parts of the world, South Korea and Belgium. It will show that although both institutes comply with the minimum standard set by the STCW Code issued by the IMO, course contents and requirements can vary greatly. Method of class delivery, choice of learning tools and testing will be examined to illustrate some of these differences. This paper will show that in order to train new seafarers in the best possible way that will fulfill the IMO mandate of Safer Shipping and Cleaner Oceans, continual review and development of course curriculum should be an ongoing process that focusing on encouraging cadets to communicate in a targeted, efficient and professional way within a nautical context. This paper will show by comparison the huge potential that the Korean Maritime English program has for positive change and growth.

Suspended and sinking particles were collected during ODP Leg 119 to the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ocean. Field work was carried out at four sampling sites in Prydz Bay. Two of these sites were located in the Outer Bay, and two in the Inner Bay. At the four locations, a total of ten deployments of a sediment trap array were made. The concentrations of carotenoids both in suspended and sinking particulate matter in Prydz Bay were analyzed using HPLC. Fucoxanthin was the dominant carotenoid pigments both in suspended and sinking particles. The present study also indicates that 19'-hexanoyoxyfucoxanthin-containing prymesiophytes (Phaeocystis spp.) was abundant in the study area. The flux rates of carotenoids were generally highest at 50 m, and approximately double the flux rates at deeper horizons, however, at Inner Bay sites, the mean flux rates of carotenoids were greatest at 200 m, and 3 times greater than that of 50 m. Such anomalous high fluxes at 200 m imply that grazers were locally abundant between 100 m and 200 m at these sites close to land, and this hypothesis is supported by visual evidence of lots of fecal pellets in the 200 m trap. Integrates standing stocks versus sinking pigments data support that particulate material in Prydz Bay was not recycled rapidly.