Vietnam is the country with the largest animal feed production in Southeast Asia. Domestic animal feed manufacturing enterprises play an important role in animal husbandry in particular and in agriculture in general. However, domestic animal feed enterprises in Vietnam are encountering shortcomings. This paper is conducted to investigate the impact levels of external determinants on business performance of domestic animal feed manufacturing enterprises, including: (i) policy and economic mechanism, (ii) supply-demand of animal feed products, and (iii) nature and level of market competition. We presented a research method, explaining the dependent variable ‘business performance’ and the independent variables. Data were collected from 120 questionnaires from domestic animal feed manufacturing enterprises. Based on these data, we use Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA and run regression model for assessing the impact levels of each independent variable on the dependent variable of business performance of domestic animal feed manufacturing enterprises. The results show that three external determinants including (i) policy and economic mechanism, (ii) supply-demand of animal feed products, and (iii) nature and level of market competition, have positive relationships with business performance. Based on the findings, some recommendations are given for improving business performance of domestic animal feed manufacturing enterprises to ensure sustainability.

This study aims to describe the role of corporate governance as a moderator in electronic financial disclosure that adopts Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) and Company Characteristics on value relevance. The population in this study was all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2018, totaling 166 companies. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method, namely, manufacturing companies that publish fully audited financial statements by December 31 of the year 2017-2018. The method used in this research is a quantitative description using the financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that have adopted XBRL during the 2017-2018 period. The data analysis method used is multiple regression analysis with moderating variables. The results of this study show a negative and insignificant effect of XBRL on value relevance, a significant negative effect of size on value relevance, a positive and insignificant effect of growth on value relevance, and a significant positive effect of profit on value relevance; meanwhile, corporate governance moderation variable has an insignificant effect in all hypotheses. Suggestions are to increase the number of variables that have an important role in value relevance and expand the number of research objects to be compared.

Business going concern is an important issue to be addressed since it determines how companies will survive. One indicator of the going concern problem is going concern opinion. The going concern opinion is a result of evaluation of auditors on going concern assumption of financial reporting. This research aims to examine the effect of opinion shopping, prior opinion, audit quality, and financial condition on going concern opinion. Research sample consists of 80 listed manufacturing companies on the Indonesian Stock Exchange surveyed between 2013 and 2017. Analysis data uses logistic regression. Based on the result, prior opinion affects going concern opinion, while opinion shopping, audit quality, and financial condition have no effect on going concern opinion. The significant effect of prior opinion on going concern opinion indicates that auditors consider the evaluation of the previous condition of companies’ concern problematic since going concern is hard to be solved in a short-term period. This research provides recommendations for companies to increase their business ability so going concern problem can be avoided. This research also suggests to auditors to consider prior opinion to issue current opinion since previous companies’ condition can be used as a general picture to initiate the auditing process.

This study provides an understanding of the role of job satisfaction as a mediator of compensation and workplace environments for the organizational commitment of employees in the public sector. This study used a structural model using path analysis. The population and sample in this study were all employees at the Population and Civil Registry Office of one of the districts in Indonesia. The sampling technique used was total sampling, due to the considerably smaller amount of the sample size. This study found that compensation and workplace environment could explain job satisfaction variables with a 93.8% confidence level and simultaneously compensation, workplace environment, and job satisfaction that could explain organizational commitment with a variable of 97.4%. This findings also shows that the manifest bonus variable on the latent compensation variable is one of the main indicators that needs to improve to increase job satisfaction and organizational commitment. One of the important things which needs to be done is to increase compensation. The first thing which needs to be done is to increase the bonus. Furthermore, to improve the quality of the workplace environment, facilities, and infrastructure such as stable internet connections, computer specifications are the important criteria that must be met.

This paper explores the barriers to derivative accounting disclosures in Vietnamese companies and ranks their relative importance for effective and efficient remedies. The Delphi technique was applied to get agreement of panel of experts on the measurement of factors hindering disclosure. Unstructured questionnaires were first sent to twelve experts who had both practical experience and academic knowledge in the field to get ideas on the obstructions to derivatives disclosure. The structured questionnaire was designed to get their agreement on barriers to derivative accounting disclosures. The data analysis with mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and quartile has been implemented to ensure the unanimity. Market-related factors, legislation, accountants’ attributes, managers’ attributes, information technology and communication, and on-site training were the six major obstacles agreed upon by the experts during their in-depth interviews. Then, these factors were ranked by applying the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The findings confirmed the priority of information technology and communication, which held the greatest weight. Legislation ranked second, followed by market-related factors and on-site training, which explained the impediments to derivatives disclosure. Managers’ and accountants’ attributes had the least contribution to the barriers to derivative disclosures. The results have important implications for actions to enhance corporate derivative disclosures in Vietnam.

COVID-19 pandemic has made the economy in Indonesia sluggish, especially Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Simultaneously, the SMEs existence in Indonesia is fundamental and considered important by the government since it is able to assist numerous laborers and become an income source for the lower and middle classes of the community. The productivity of SME in a region will undeniably influence the availability of job and, of course, reduce the number of unemployed. Therefore, in this study, the researchers looked at how to improve SMEs performance to continue to exist amid the COVID-19 pandemic, by identifying the relationships between product characteristics, market competitive strategies, and the performance of SMEs. The research was done on SMEs in West Java, Indonesia. The example employed was Batik SMEs in Cirebon with at least 10 years in existence, and the total number of these SMEs was 165. As the basis of a quantitative approach, this study employed survey instruments by distributing a questionnaire. In analyzing the data, it utilized the structural equation modeling (SEM). The result showed a significant relationship between Product Characteristics, Market Competitive Strategy, and Price and Product Success Rate on SMEs Performance. This study’s findings contribute to the SMEs performance literature.

This study aims to examine the causality between production input and the price of rice in East Java, Indonesia. This study applied a quantitative method to understand in a comprehensive way the correlation between variables. The data used for this study were collected from several sources, including East Java Agriculture Office, Siskaperbapo.com, and Statistics Indonesia (BPS) of East Java. This research was carried out over five years, starting from 2014 to 2018. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) by employing E-Views (version 7). The findings of this study indicated that, in the long run, the population, rice production, and changes in people’s income have a positive effect on price stability, but are inversely proportional if seen in the short term. In comparison, in the long run, farmer exchange rates variable has a negative impact on price stability, and inversely proportional in the short term, which has a positive effect. There are different implications when the people’s income increases and the rice price declines; these have great potential to alleviate poverty in East Java, Indonesia. This is due to the fact that the price stability also concerns the welfare of the community.

This research focuses on identifying and measuring key personality factors affecting the job performance of salesperson working in the machinery industry in Vietnam. A total number of 218 salesperson working in machinery industry were surveyed. After evaluating Cronbach’s Alpha and using the regression analysis technique, the results show the impact level of personality trait factors affecting the job performance of salesperson working in machinery industry. Ordered from the highest to the lowest effects on job performance, these factors are: agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism. Five research hypotheses are accepted. Specifically, openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness have positive impacts on job performance of salesperson working in machinery industry in Vietnam. However, neuroticism has a negative impact on job performance of salesperson. This research results indicate the level of impact of personality traits on the sales staff performance in machinery industry. Many people apply to this profession as a career choice. Each occupation is suitable for certain personality trait, which changes very little during adulthood. Research also shows that each personality trait always has its strengths and weaknesses. The educational environment should create conditions for learners to develop their character in a natural way.

This research aims to shed light on the technology adoption process and its drivers in the Vietnamese educational system. Research data was collected with an online questionnaire from more than 600 teachers in primary schools, secondary schools, high schools, colleges, and universities in Vietnam in 2020. Based on a holistic literature review, we develop a model of two extrinsic factors (global needs and school-infrastructure), and two intrinsic factors (teachers’ technological literacy and their beliefs), which are correlated with the teachers’ technological adoption. We measure the dependent variable by asking the teachers’ ability and their efficacy to implement technology in teaching according to a Likert scale. With the support of SPSS_22 and STATA_2015, we find that over 70% of changes in technology adoption are explained by the changes in four independent variables and three control variables related to age, gender, and teachinglevel of the teachers. Furthermore, these independent variables are significantly and positively associated with two dependent variables. However, a significant difference in technology integration ability can be seen among teachers’ gender, age, and school-level. Specifically, male teachers seem to adopt technology at schools than female teachers better, and university teachers have the lowest level of technology adoption compared to other school-level teachers.

This study examines the effect of service quality and perceived value on customer loyalty with the intervening role of customers’ satisfaction in the e-commerce industry. The research method uses a quantitative research design with a survey model. The sample used in this study is Tokopedia consumers who live in DKI Jakarta and have done online shopping at Tokopedia at least twice in the last six months. All variables used were reliable and valid and met the research requirements. The object of this research were the 200 customer respondents who had made purchases on the largest e-commerce platform of Indonesia, Tokopedia. Data analysis was done by using SPSS and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that: first, the service quality and perceived value affect customer satisfaction positively. Second, there is a mediating effect of customer satisfaction on the relationship between service quality and perceived value on customer loyalty. Third, service quality and perceived value directly affect customer loyalty positively but insignificantly. The result implies that the role of customer satisfaction is significant in creating loyalty. In the e-commerce industry, good quality and perception could positively influence customers but not necessarily form loyalty. For that, e-commerce players should pay a lot of attention on customer satisfaction.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of the Operational Self-Sustainability (OSS) of Vietnamese microfinance institutions (MFIs). This research uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods: (i) qualitative research was via in-depth interviews with ten microfinance practitioners, policymakers and researchers; (ii) quantitative research was conducted by using panel data of 34 MFIs in the period 2011-2015 with binary logistics and OLS regressions. Results are as follows: (i) MFIs’ OSS in Vietnam are mainly determined by five key factors: portfolio at risk (PAR>30), capital structure, gross loan portfolio, scope of activities and legal form; (ii) OSS are most affected by legal status (social organizations have better OSS than formal MFIs or programs/projects), location (MFIs focus in one province have higher OSS than working nationwide or just in one district), capital structure (MFIs with more equity proportion have higher OSS); (iii) surprisingly, average loan size per borrower and age of MFIs do not have statistically significant correlation with OSS. The key recommendations are: (i) MFIs should focus on its professionality and increase its equity; (ii) related stakeholders such as State Bank of Vietnam should promote the enabling ecosystem for microfinance development to enhance poverty reduction and economic development.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the level of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) in commercial banks listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This paper also observed the effects of ICD and corporate governance mechanism on market value. This study uses content analysis techniques to measure ICD. The paper provides a novel approach to measure the ICD quality in developing countries using a fournumerical coding system. Secondary data were obtained from the financial statements and annual reports of the banks for the period 2011- 2014. The data from 31 banks were analyzed using ordinary least square regression. The study reports that the quality of intellectual capital disclosure in Indonesian commercial banks increase steadily. Narrative disclosure dominates the report of intellectual capital in Indonesian banks. The results indicate that the size of audit committee, frequency of audit committee meeting, and intellectual capital disclosure affect positively the market value. Overall, the results indicate intellectual capital disclosure is associated with the market capitalization; these findings indicate that the ICD is a consideration in a stock investment decision. While regulations in Indonesia regarding intellectual capital reporting are not conclusive yet, the information needs of stakeholders have encouraged companies to expand voluntary disclosure.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sterilization in Vietnam. We estimate a simultaneous equation by using Two-Stage least squares (2SLS) regression analysis. The time-series data was collected for the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2018. In particular, the effectiveness of sterilization is considered in terms of dollarized economy, since making the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy system, the Vietnamese economy has remained in a state of dollarization. In addition, we also assess whether the global financial crisis had an impact on the sterilization effectiveness of the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV). On the basis of the estimated sterilization and offset coefficients, our results suggest that the State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) has not been able to fully neutralize the impact on the domestic money supply when intervening in the foreign exchange market, and the capital inflows respond strongly to changes in domestic monetary conditions. The results also show that the global financial crisis has changed the effectiveness of these sterilization policies. An analysis of this study’s empirical findings provides the opportunity to derive some recommendations that may assist in increasing the effectiveness of the State Bank of Vietnam’s sterilization policies in the process of accumulating international reserves.

Disclosure level in interim financial reporting is important for information users to make business decisions. This has received much attention from the information users. The article is aimed at determining the factors of financial ratios, which impact on the disclosure level in interim financial reporting. The authors use the ordinary least squares to test. The sample consists of 418 VN100 over a 6-year period from 2014 to 2019. The results show that there are four factors that positively impact on the disclosure level in interim financial reporting: Enterprise size (SIZE); Liquidity (LIQI); Sales growth (GROW) and Profitability (ROE). The article proposes some policy recommendations to contribute to improving disclosure level in interim financial reporting. Accordingly, State Securities Commission of Vietnam should strengthen the regular inspection of VN100’s disclosure level in interim financial reporting and also should enforce strict sanctions or may consider delisting in cases of listed enterprises with incomplete disclosure. The managers of VN100 need to raise the sense of responsibility of information providers to ensure adequate information in interim financial reporting. Investors should also pay attention to the financial ratios of VN100 such as firm size, return-on-equity, liquidity, and sales growth to get useful information and ensure sound business decisions.

Sustainable development – including tourism development – is the general trend of all economies. With the orientation to build and develop the tourism industry into a key economic sector and become a tourist center of the Southeast region, Vietnam, Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province is demanding a proper, rational, development policy, while ensuring the development and exploitation of immediate natural advantages, and ensuring long-term sustainable development. The objective of this study is to examine the factors and their trends in sustainable tourism development in Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Vietnam. Methods used include descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis. Data was collected from the results of a survey of 550 domestic and foreign tourists visiting Ba Ria-Vung Tau. With the help of SPSS statistical software, 12 groups of factors affecting sustainable development were identified including: economy, society, environment, humanistic tourism resources, natural tourism resources, tourism human resources, tourism products and service, tourism quality, infrastructure, technical facilities, governmental management and group of criteria to evaluate sustainable tourism development. The research results show that there are four groups of factors that significantly affect sustainable tourism development in Ba Ria-Vung Tau. These are groups of factors: Society, Environment, Tourism products and service, and Technical facilities.

This study aims to analyze and confirm brand awareness’ role in influencing the repurchase intention both directly and indirectly on customer satisfaction variables and repurchase intention variables. The contribution brought by this study is to reflect manifest variables such as recall, purchase, and consumption. The number of respondents in this study was 200 samples using the online survey data collection method (Google form), while the research approach is quantitative explanatory. The data analysis test tools include the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach with AMOS as a statistical data analysis software and Sobel test to indirectly test the relationship. This study consists of four hypotheses, of which three hypotheses are positively and significantly related (brand awareness on repurchase intention, brand awareness on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction on repurchase intention). Through indirect relationship, namely, brand awareness on repurchase intention through customer satisfaction, the study showed no significant effect. In a comprehensive way, this study emphasizes the factor of customer satisfaction as a determinant of consumer loyalty and repurchase intention. Therefore, creating optimal customer satisfaction, service excellence, promotion and massive advertising, guaranteeing the safety and ease-of-use apps, and ease of shopping, especially for e-commerce industry, is a serious concern.

The human and capital resources from foreign investors are important sources of finance for developing countries. Foreign ownership can help the firm to raise funds for operations and the foreign management can help the firm expand the market and improve management. However, does this really happen to Vietnamese firm? To find the answer to that question, this paper examines the impact of foreign ownership and management on the financial performance of listed firms on Vietnam’s stock market. The data collected include 427 listed firms in all fields over five years, from 2014 to 2018. The financial performance is measured by Tobin’s Q, ROA and ROE. The study carried out testing of each model by the least squares method of Pool OLS, assessing random effects (REM) and evaluating fixed effects (FEM). The most effective model is the FEM model. The results show that the foreign ownership ratio and the size of the firm have a positive impact on the financial performance. The foreign management, the age of the firms, the liquidity and financial leverage have a negative impact on the financial performance. Based on the research results, the study proposes some recommendations to improve the financial performance of listed firms in Vietnam.

Earnings management behavior is the use of accounting procedures, through accounting policies, to intentionally purposeful control in the provision of information to users. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between ownership structure factors and earnings management behavior of 30 Vietnamese commercial banks. The paper uses the ordinary least square method to examine this relationship and employs time series data of 15 years from 2005 to 2019. The study also uses agency theory an asymmetric information theory. The authors examined six independent variables related to the ownership structure and these variables are typical of Vietnamese commercial banks. The results of the study show that the foreign ownership ratio is an opposite effect, while the ownership concentration variable has a positive effect on earnings management behavior of Vietnamese commercial banks. Based on that, the article proposes a number of policy suggestions for the State bank of Vietnam and Board of directors of commercial banks as well as investors to identify and to limit the earnings management behaviors of Vietnamese commercial banks. This contributes to ensuring information transparency as well as improving the quality of accounting information of Vietnamese commercial banks in the coming years.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and determinants of China-ASEAN trade relations over the period of 2000-2018. Employing both the qualitative and quantitative approaches, the results show that the trade relations between China and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have remarkably developed and rapidly grown over times, with a significantly important concentration on the segments of high technological and medium technological products. We also find that China’s economic scale is crucially impacting on the China-ASEAN trade relations under both the aggregate and sub-sector level. It is interesting to notice that there is no evidence to support accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) and officially forming of ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) to enhance trade relation between both sides. The findings also quantitatively indicate that there is much significant potential for the expansion of mutual trade between China and some members of ASEAN such as Brunei, Laos and Malaysia, while less potential is predicted for other members of ASEAN. It is strongly suggested that China and ASEAN should find a new proactive approach and make more efforts in improving the mutual political trusts to enhance trading activities in the coming years.

This paper provides the practical application of a linear shrinkage framework on Vietnam stock market. The cumulative data points observed in this analysis are 468 weeks from January 2011 to December 2019. All the companies listed on Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE), except the companies under two years period from Initial Public Offering (IPO), are considered. The cumulative number of stocks picked is therefore 350 companies. The VNINDEX, which is the Vietnam Stock Index, is used as a reference index for shrinking to a single-index model. The empirical results show that the shrinkage of covariance matrix for portfolio optimization gives the promising results for the investors on Vietnam stock market. The shrinkage method helps the investors to produce the optimal portfolio in the sense of having higher profit with lower levels of risk compared to the portfolio of the traditional SCM method. Moreover, the portfolio turnover of shrinkage method is always kept at low magnitudes, and this makes the shrinkage portfolios save much transaction costs and reduce the liquidity risks in the trading process. In addition, the ability of shrinkage method in making profit is once again confirmed by the Alpha coefficient that achieves a high positive value.