The Eurytoma maslovskii conduces the unexpected plum dropping. It stayed overwinter inside the pits of the dropped plums and able to oviposit on plum surface when the diameter of the plums are over 16 mm prior to endocarp hardening. To control this harmful pests is too much essential to plum orchard. Therefore, the plum seed crusher (PSC) was designed and developed according to the purpose of perishing the pests through destroying the dropped plums. The rocks and the weeds were removed from the plum orchard prior to the test. Manually operated plum seed crusher picked-up the dropped plums from the ground and crushed them. The performance of PSC was evaluated by applying 2.5 and 3.0 km/h travelling speeds, and controlling the gaps; 18, and 28 mm intervals between plum pick-up discs. The test result showed the plum pick-up rate was 98±2.0%, and 92±5.3% with the machine travelling speed of 3.0 km/h in laboratory. Further, it changed to 95±8.7%, and 93±5.8% when the travelling speed was used 2.5 km/h. In both cases of test plum pick-up discs were maintained 18 mm, and 28 mm gap intervals, respectively. Furthermore, in field conditions, pursuing to similar gap intervals, the plum pick-up rate was 94±4.0%, and 92±2.0% with the speed of 3.0 km/h albeit it showed 92±4.0%, and 90±3.5% when the speed was decreased to 2.5 km/h. The maximum plum pick-up rate was found at 18 mm disc intervals with 3.0 km/h travelling speeds. The crushing teeth were selected 8 mm in height by repeated test to destroy the plum seeds. The result showed 100% crushing efficiency was facilitated to entire tests at 280 RPM crushing speeds regardless of plum sizes and shapes. This machine is preferred for the farmers to control the damage of plums by preventing the propagation of the identified pests.

Stem and root of elm trees have used as traditional medical materials, but there is little information on the distribution and resources of habitats. Korean native growing Ulmus spp. (U. davidiana var. Japonica, U. parvifolia, U. davidiana, and U. macrocarpa) genetic resources studied through The National Forest Inventory of Korea data and field survey. The distributions of U. davidiana var. japonica according to elevation distributed evenly. Both U. parvifolia and U. davidiana were inhabited mostly at less than 200 m of altitude. Each Ulmaceae species widely were distributed nationwide, but a dominant species was different depending on locals. It observed that Ulmaceae inhabits mainly in steep slopes of 31-45 degrees. Most of the habitats regenerated by natural seeding and the most abundant species were a codominant tree. Distribution of trees in U davidiana var. japonica was 7 m-13 m, and in young U. parvifolia and U. macrocarpa, more than 25% of young trees less than 7 m observed. The distribution of the diameter of breast height of the U. davidiana var. japonica was 46.4% for 11-20 cm, 52.6% for 11-20 cm in U. parvifolia. The average T/R ratio was 0.83, and the mean weight ratio of root bark was 62%. As the results of this study, the domestic Ulmaceae biomassare very small. It is difficult to harvest in that the habitat on the slope. Thus, it is too hard to develop functional materials using biomass at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology for the selection and propagation of elite trees of Ulmaceae.

The Gwangneung arboretum, affiliated to the Korea Forest Research Institute, was established in 1987 and it became the Korea National Arboretum (KNA) in May 24, 1999. The entomological collection of KNA currently holds a total of 510,365 specimens of 6,849 species including more than 330 type specimens of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera are deposited. As the results of recent systematic studies by KNA entomologists, 67 new species were described, and 108 species were newly recorded from Korea and other countries. Not only we have conducted taxonomic studies but also have broaden our research boundary to natural enemy surveys for pine wilt disease vectors, plant and insect interaction, and exotic insect species monitoring. In this presentation, we would like to briefly introduce current entomological researches of KNA in the hope of future collaborations with other entomologists.

주머니나방과(Psychidae)는 곡식좀나방상과 (Tineoidea)에 속하며 전 세계적으로 241속 1,350종이 분포하는 것으로 보고되어 있다. 이들은 유충시기에 주머니를 만들고 그 속에서 사는 독특한 생활방식과 단순한 암컷의 외부형태 특징 등으로 인해 생태 및 계통학적 연구가 다양하게 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재까지 수행된 한국산 주머니나방 과의 분류학적 연구결과를 소개하고 근연분류군에 대해 고찰하고자 한다.

Insect cuticle consists of numerous structural proteins, which could interact with polysaccharide, chitin, and alter properly mechanical property of the cuticle. Cuticular Protein Analogous to Peritrophins (CPAPs) are characterized by presence of one (CPAP1s) or three (CPAP3s) chitin-binding domain belong to CBM14/ChtBD2 family. In this study, we investigated physiological functions of TcCPAP1-H and TcCPAP3-C in Tribolium castaneum. RNAi for either TcCPAP1-H or TcCPAP3-C at late instar larvae had no effect on larval-pupal molt nor pupal development. However, the resulting pharate adults failed to shed their old pupal cuticle and died entrapped in it without undergoing eclosion. TEM analysis, in addition, revealed disorganized chitinous horizontal laminae and/or vertical pore canals of rigid cuticle from TcCPAP1-H- and TcCPAP3-C-deficient adults. Desiccation-induced death produced by injection of dsTcCPAP1-H into young instar larvae is also discussed.

최근 안전한 먹거리에 대한 관심 제고와 고품질 대추 생산에 대한 관심 급증으로 친환경적인 해충방제법의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 친환경적 해충방제를 위하여 비가림하우스 별 방충망을 설치하여 해충방제 효과와 과실 생육을 조사하였다. 시험에 사용된 방충방 규격은 각각 25, 18, 6mesh로 대추나무잎혹파리, 장님노린재, 복숭아심식나 방의 차단효과를 보았다. 대추나무잎혹파리의 경우 피해엽율이 1.2%, 10.8%, 14.3%, 무처리구는 15%였으며 장님노린 재의 경우 피해눈율이 6.9%, 5.8%, 20.41%, 28.2%였고, 심식나방은 피해과율이 0.0%, 1.0%, 0.0%, 32.0%로 나타났다. 방충망처리에 따른 대추생육은 처리구와 무처리구에서 차이가 거의 없었다. 대추재배농가의 방충망 도입이 해충 방제에 효과가 큰 것으로 판단되며 문제가 되고 있는 세가지 해충을 모두 방제하기 위해서는 25mesh로 처리하는 것이 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

수노랑나비(Chitoria ulupi (Doherty, 1889))는 한반도 전역에 국지적으로 분포하는 종으로, 국외의 경우 인도, 미얀마, 라오스, 중국, 대만 등에 서식하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이 종에 대한 생활사는 김과 서(2012)에 의해 확인된 유생기와 번데기의 형태 등이 일부 보고 된 것 이외에는 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 한국산 수노랑나비의 생태적 습성(성충 산란행동, 점유행동, 짝짓기, 먹이습성 등)과 미성숙단계 (알, 유충, 번데기)의 형태적 특징 등 생활사 전반에 대하여 보고 하고자 한다.

A tick survey was conducted to monitor ticks using tick traps attached dry ice and a flagging method at each four sites in Busan, Ulju, and Geoje areas of Gyeongnam Province from April to November, 2018. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the most frequently collected, representing 99.8% in Ulju. A total of 27,247 ticks were collected as H. longicornis (Trap Index; TI 283.2), H. flava (TI 0.3), and Ix. nipponensis (TI 0.3). In the collection environment, a total number of 15,672, 5,798, 4,876, and 901 ticks were collected from glassland, tump, tomb, and mountain path, respectively. On the other hand, H. longicornis and Ix. nipponensis were collected with flaggings at the four sites in Ulju, Busan, and Geoje in May and June, 2018. A total of 1,517 ticks collected H. longicornis (Flagging Index; FI 9.3) and Ix. nipponensis (FI 0.1) in Ulju. Haemaphysalis longicornis were collected 2,183 (FI 13.6) and 1,596 (FI 10.0) in Geoje and Busan, respectively. In the results of the isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) from the ticks, no pathogens detected from RNA of 557 pools of the ticks using a Polymerase Chain Reaction method in 2018.

본 연구의 조사지역인 갑천은 충청남도 금산군·논산시와 대전광역시를 북류하고 금강으로 흘러드는 도심하천이다. 광대한 갈대 군락과 초원, 버드나무 등 다양한 식생이 분포하며 크고 작은 자연 소택지, 늪, 웅덩이 등의 형태로 자연환경이 잘 보존되어 도시생태계의 주요 기능을 담당하고 있다. 본 연구에서 갑천 일대의 육상곤충류를 대상으로 4월 11~13일, 6월 11~12일, 8월 20~22일 조사를 수행하였다. 조사방법은 직접찾기와 쓸어잡기로, 총 9개 지점으로 나누어 군집 분석하였다. 조사 결과 공단구역인 Site3의 다양성지수가 0.16으로 매우 낮았으며 도심구역인 Site4와 Site7이 각각 다양성지수 2.92와 2.41로 타구역에 비해 낮았다. 반면 산림구역인 Site1, Site8 그리고 Site9는 모두 다양성지수가 3이상으로 높은 편에 속했다.

본 조사지인 돌리네 습지보호지역은 경북 문경시 산북면 굴봉산 정상부에 위치하였으며, 물이 고이기 힘든 돌리네(doline) 지형에 형성된 희귀 습지이다. 뿐만 아니라 멸종위기종과 법적보호종이 분포하는 등 생물다양성 또한 매우 풍부한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 그러나 습지보호지역 주변으로 과수원 등 경작지가 형성되어 있어, 관리 및 보전을 위한 조사 및 대책이 필요하다. 따라서 본 조사에서는 습지보호지역의 체계적인 관리를 위하여 돌리네 습지의 곤충상을 조사하였다. 조사 방법에는 곤충의 다양한 습성과 서식환경을 고려하여, Searching, Sweeping, Pitfall trap, Bucket trap으로 총 4가지의 채집방법으로 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 총 11목 82과 188속 237종이 확인되었으며, 이중 딱정벌레목이 가장 많이 출현하였다. 특이사항으로 환경부지정종 51종(중복포함)이 조사되었으며, 그중 멸종위 기종 1종이 확인되었다. 본 연구를 통해 돌리네 습지보호지역의 곤충상을 파악하고 관리 및 보전에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

The leafhopper family Cicadellidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) is plant feeders, with mouthparts adapted for sucking. Almost of the them cause injuries of destruction to plants, including fruit trees and grain crops, and can be vectors of plant diseases. Therefor, Cicadellidae is one of the most important pests in the world. However, their identifications are very difficult because of small size and morphological similarities, and their exact biological information such as host plants, life cycle and distribution are not clear for most species. So, we provide and integrated biological database that present accurate diagnostic methods and ecological infromation.

Origin of the red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta) is South America, a tropical climate region. It has settled in the invasive area, causing various problems. In recent, colonies of Solenopsis invicta were discovered in Busan in 2017, and then in Busan, Pyongtaek, Incheon, Daegu and Ansan in 2018. This study aims to validate 31 microsatlite loci referred from previous study for tracing origin of Solenopsis invicta colonies. We tried to test previously developed microsatellite loci so that we establish the protocol for molecular epidemiology of RIFA. We applied 31 microsatellite loci to DNA samples from the RIFA colonies found in Texas and Florida, USA. We will present 31 markers were divided into three injections and the amplification rate for each marker was shown as follows.

In the 21st century, the risk of the exotic pest being invaded is increasing due to the rise of trading activities. Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), has been considered to very destructive invader as it is highly intrusive and has a wide host range. In this study, 2,299 samples were collected from 88 locations in 12 countries by quarantine and investigation. Among them, 608 individuals (including B. correcta) were used for COI DNA barcoding analysis based on Neighbor Joining method with P-distance model. Population genetics analysis was conducted for 510 individuals selected from 47 locations of 12 Southeast Asian countries using 15 microsatellite loci. The barcoding analysis resulted in that any clade was not clustered according to a geographical isolation but indicated geographically mixed populations. Population genetics analysis showed shared genetic structure between neighboring countries across borders. Genetic structure of most Korean quarantine groups was more similar to that of Taiwan, China and Thailand in the order of appearance than other countries.

The morphological identification of alate aphids needs reliable and appropriate methods such as morphometrics. In previous studies, the seven species which aphids have been known as migrating to potato had been separated into genus levels using specific points of forewing vein (Landmarks). Adding the number of secondary sensillum of antennae, setae of abdomen, etc., we experimented to separate four species of genus Aphis (Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis spiraecola). After taking each of 25X twenty photographies of four species, we calculated and measured coordinates of landmarks, the number of secondary sensillum of antennae, dorsal setae of 8th abdominal segment, anterior/posterior genital plate setae and cauda, and then performed the principal component analysis using PAST3 and the canonical variate analysis using MORPHO J, only with a landmarks. As results, in PCA, Aphis gossypii has been separated, but the others are overlapping. In CVA, all species of aphis has been separated.