긴덜이리응애와 dicofol 저항성 및 감수성 점박이응애에 대한 아바맥틴의 선택독성을 실험실 내에서 엽침지법으로 조사하였다. 아바멕틴은 긴털이리응애에 대해서는 독성이 낮은 반면, 점박이응애에 대해서는 살균효과가 높았다. 0.12 ppm과 0.6 ppm의 농도에서 점박이응애는 두 계통 모두 침지 후 48시간 0]내에 사망하였고, 0.06 ppm과 0.012 ppm의 낮은 농도에서 120시간 이후에는 77% 이상이 사망하였다. 그러나긴털이리응애의 암컷성충은 0.12ppm에서는 생존솔과 활동력이 영향을 받지 않았고, 0.6ppm과 6ppm의 높은 농도에서도 사망솔이 약 20~23%이었다. 아바맨틴은 산란후 l일 이내의 점박이응애의 난에 대해서는 패화솔에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 산란후 4일된 란에서는 패화솔이 멸소하였다. 반면에0.006-6ppm 용액에 긴털이리응애 난을 침지한경우 난의 패화솔과 그 난에서 부화한 약충의 발육에는 영향이 없었다. 긴털이리응애의 암컷 성충을 0.6 ppm과- 0.12ppm에 침지했을 때 산란수가 줄어들지 않았으나 잠박이응애의 산란수는0.006-0.6 ppm의 농도에서 현저히 감소하였다. 이상과 같이 아바맥틴은 점박이응애와 긴털이리응애에 대한 선택독성이 높은 약제로 점박이응애의 결합방제에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되며, 점박이응애에 대한 아치사농도(0.012-0.06 ppm)는 긴털이리응애와 점박이응애의 밀도를 조사하는데 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

We investigated whether sound could alter gene expression in plants. Using a sound-treated subtractive library, a set of sound-responsive genes in plants was demonstrated through mRNA expression analyses. Of them, the rbcS and ald genes, which are light responsive, up-regulated their expression with sound treatment in both light and in dark conditions. This suggested that sound could be used as a gene regulator instead of light. When we analyzed ald gene expression using various single wavelengths, a significant increase in mRNA levels was found at 125 or 250 Hz but decreased at 50 Hz, indicating that the gene responded to sound in a wavelength-specific manner. To determine whether the ald promoter respond to sound, we generated transgenic rice plants harboring the chimeric gene consisting of a 1,506-bp promoter fragment of the ald gene fused to Escherichia coli GUS reporter gene. Analyses of mRNA expressison level of three independent transgenic lines sound-treated with 50 or 250 Hz for 4 h showed that the Gus gene expression in all three transgenic lines was up regulated by 250 Hz, but down regulated by 50 Hz. These results correlated with sound responsive mRNA expression pattern observed for the ald gene in rice plants, indicating that the 1,506-bp ald promoter confers sound-responsiveness on a reporter gene in transgenic rice plants. We also investigated whether sound waves could improve salt tolerance in rice seedling. The rice seedlings were sound treated with 800 Hz for 1hr, and then treated with 0, 75, 150, and 225mM NaCl for 3 days to observe changes in physiological and morphological aspects. Sound treatment seedlings resulted in enhanced salt stress tolerance, mainly demonstrated by the sound treated seedlings exhibiting of increased root relative water contents (RWC), root length and weight, photochemical efficiency (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm), and germination rate under salt stress condition. This demonstrates that a specific sound wave might be used, not only to alter gene expression in plant, but also to improve salt stress tolerance.

The high incidence of polyspermic fertilization is one of the major causes lowering the overall efficiency of porcine IVF. The common procedure for IVF involves the co-culture of both gametes in the medium drop, which increases sperm concentration and incidence of polyspermy. Therefore, the present study was carried out to increase the efficiency of porcine IVF by reducing polyspermy using a modified swim-up method. This method modifies conventional swim-up washing by placing oocytes directly at the time of washing. Sperm pellet was prepared in the tube and mature oocytes were placed on cell strainer with pore size (Falcon 2350) at the top of the tube. After insemination, the oocytes were stained for examination. Also, the developmental potential of fertilized embryos was measured to evaluate for the feasibility of this method. While having similar penetration rates in both methods (), there was a significant reduction of polyspermy in modified swim-up method () compare to the control ( (p<0.05). Subsequent culture showed higher rate of blastocyst formation in modified swim-up method (20.440.99%) than the control () (P<0.05), even though there was no significant difference. These results suggest that, by controlling the number of spermatozoa reaching the oocytes, porcine oocytes might be protected from polyspermy in vitro. Also, the developmental potential of the fertilized embryos using this method could be improved by increasing the pool of spermatozoa with better quality. Further optimization of the procedure required to implicate this method in routine porcine IVF.

콩[Glycine max (L. ) Merrill] 종자내 저장양분의 전류에 대한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, 콩 품종 '힐콩', '팔달콩', 및 '장엽콩' 의 발아와 초기 유묘발달단계 동안 유묘의 각 기관별 건물중의 변화를 고려대학교 자연자원대학 부속농장에서 5월 26일, 6월 5일, 및 6월 14일에 각각 조사하였다. 콩 세품종의 평균 생체중, 평균 건물중 및 평균 수분함량은 자엽부위를 제외한 유묘의 모든 기관에서 V2단계까지 증가하였다. 자엽의 평균 건물중은 V2단계까지 계속 감소하였으며, 발아단계시 자엽 건물중의 약80%가 감소되었다. 발아단계에서 자엽의 구조성분은 자엽 건물중의 약22.2%였다. 자엽의 대사성분은 V2단계까지 급격히 감소하였으며, 발아단계시 자엽 대사성분의 약 91%가 이용되었다. 그러나 전체 유묘의 대사성분은 V1단계 이후에 증가하였음을 보였다. 따라서 종자의 발아와 유묘발달을 위하여 종자내 저장양분의 이동 및 탄소동화작용에 의한 양분 공급자로서 자엽의 역할은 특히, V1단계까지 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

The most change in this century is supposed to be declination of ideology, and block of world economy. Addition to down full of cold war atmosphere around Northeast Asia, not only economic and social mood in this region is dramatically changed, but also it gave birth to the block of Northeast economy that accerlated new hub of world economy. According to dramatic change of economic surroundings the dynamic potential of growth in this region will be guided to enlarge inter-regional trade and increase volume of trade, thus suggests to grow steadily transportation. cargos in this region will have to arrange the system of delivery and inner transportation, accessary facilities, inter-regional harbors if North America and EC has connected easily. As have accerlated GATT and UR represented multilateralism and regionalism, it has regulated to increase trades of region due to relief of the trade barrier through specific areas has agreed with separately. The flow of regionalism of world economy has appeared to realize EC and NAFTA centered U.S.A, and also has presented to free trade region or one-size market agreement in Asia as APEC, EAEG in Malaysia, and etc. In defense to this block and internationalism of world economy, Pusan has to come forward to the hub of Northeast others has proposed a project to dominate the Northeast, Economy Association Agreement as Far East comprehensive development project in USSR, Hunchun development project in NK, and East Sea development project in PRC, Niigate regional development in Japan, Duman River development project in NK, and East Sea development project in Korea. As this exercise has proceed, Pusan also have arranged development strategy definitely and prepared provisions systematically. Engaging to participate center of delivery system is meant to be completed complex functions, namely the transfer storage processing & assembly function of international commodity. Pusan has ability to be terminal point of TSR. it had been connected to EC as the biggest economy block and TKR as complex transportation root to Far East, it would be the center of inground and seabase delivery terminal to Rotterdom as the biggest container pier and major piers to North-East and South East Asia. In order to provide a Role of 21 century's internationalization, Pusan has appealed to participate in management information research and development connected to Pohang-Ulsan-Changwon-Masan, and has utilized efficiently the resources such as man, material, money and information.