汉语“何况”与韩语“하물며”是较典型的表递进语义的词汇表达形式，两者在语义 上基本可以对应，但在具体的句法、语义、语用平面上仍存在一些差异。本文主要借助语 言学“梯阶”的概念，对两者进行对比分析初步可得出如下小结：首先，在语义层面上， 汉语“何况”有两个较典型语义，皆可借助梯阶概念进行解释说明，且汉语“何况2”的 独立性、语法化程度逐渐增强，有逐渐超越“何况1”典型用法的倾向，对于汉韩语相关 呈现不同的语法特点有较重要的影响；韩语“하물며”的词典义尽管只有一种典型语义， 但在具体语料中也有类似“何况2”的补充说明语义，但现阶段并没有超越典型义的倾 向。其次，在句法方面，我们主要从句法位置、句型、共现成分三方面进行对比，可以发 现，在句法位置上，“何况”用于句首、句中皆较为常见，“하물며”多用于句中；句型 上，“何况”用于陈述句的情况多于“하물며”，韩语“하물며”用于疑问句的情况多于 何况”；共现成分上，两者的常用表达呈现镜像分布的倾向。再次，在语用方面，我们主 要从信息焦点的角度进行了初步分析，认为两者不局限于提示后置对比焦点，也可以提示 前置焦点，但“何况”提示前置焦点的用法已较典型，“하물며”提示前置焦点的用法尚 不典型。相关特点与两者在语义方面的差异以及对句法、语用层面进行投射有较大关联。 本文希望通过对汉韩语相近语言表达的对比，来寻找些许差异，以便为外语学习者提供些 许参考。

Anti-expectation category is one of the important concepts in semantic-pragmatic interface research. It not only reflects the truth-value sematic relationship and conditions of the objective world, but also reflects the subjective understanding or attitude of both parties in communication. This article is mainly based on the theory of information structure to classify anti-expectation adverbs in Chinese and Korean. It is mainly divided into eight categories: unexpected surprise type, unexpected dissatisfaction type, fact awakening type, fact correction type, typical turning type and polarity turning type. The semantics of each type of Chinese and Korean are compared and analyzed, and the similarities and differences of anti-expectation adverbs in Chinese and Korean are understood through preliminary comparisons, and they are analyzed and explained by information structure theory. Through preliminary analysis, we can see that there is no one-to-one correspondence between Chinese and Korean anti-expectation adverbs, and there are differences in information intensity and subjectivity.