본 논문은 위르겐 몰트만의 교회 이해와 선교 이해를 탐구한다. 몰트만에게 있어서 교회는 우선 삼위일체적 공동체이다. 몰트만은 기독교 고유의 하나님은 삼위일체적 하나님임을 강조한다. 성부와 성자와 성령의 삼위일체는 역동적 침투와 상호 내주를 의미하는 페리코 레시스의 관계성 속에 있는 공동체로 존재한다. 동등한 신적 삼위는 획일성이나 개인주의가 없는 페리코레시스적 공동체와 사귐을 형성한 다. 몰트만은 이것을 사회적 삼위일체라고 부른다. 삼위일체 하나님은 또한 열린 공동체로 존재한다. 하나님은 자신의 삼위일체적 공동체를 열어 피조물들 속으로 들어가고 또한 피조물들이 삼위일체의 사귐과 삶에 참여하도록 초청한다. 몰트만은 이러한 삼위일체는 교회의 모델 또는 모형이 된다고 주장한다. 이러한 관점을 바탕으로 몰트만은 위계 질서적이고 관료적인 교회 형태로부터 회중적이고 공동체적인 교회에 로의 교회 개혁을 강조한다. 그리고 교회는 사적인 공동체로만 머무는 것이 아니라 자신을 개방하여 공적 영역으로 나아가야 함을 제안하다. 몰트만은 또한 교회를 메시아적 공동체로 해석한다. 교회는 예수 그리스도의 교회이다. 교회는 무엇보다 종말론적 비전과 생명의 영이신 성령의 능력 안에서 그리스도의 뒤를 따라 모든 피조물들의 생명의 해방을 위해 일해야 하는 공동체이다. 이러한 교회론을 바탕으로 몰트만은 기독교 선교에 대한 그의 새로운 통찰을 발전시킨다. 그는 교회는 선교적 교회가 되어야 한다고 논한다. 그에게 있어서 선교는 기독교 제국의 팽창이나 기독교 교회의 확장이나 온 인류의 복음화이기 보다는 생명에로의 초대이다. 그는 또한 선교를 사람들과 사회와 모든 피조물들의 해방을 위한 사역으로 이해한다. 몰트만에게 있어서, 선교의 지평은 하나님의 나라의 관점에 서 계속 넓게 개방된다. 그것이 지향하는 바는 하나님이 모든 것 속의 모든 것이 되실 때 성취될 새 창조의 종말론적 완성이다. 그러므로 몰트만의 선교론은 에큐메니칼적이고 총체적인 특징을 가진다. 제2차 바티칸공의회의 교회론과 부산에서 열린 제10차 WCC 총회가 발표한 새로운 선교 비전 선언문과 상응하면서, 몰트만은 위기 가운데 있는 현대 교회들의 미래를 위한 새롭고 적합한 선교의 방향을 제시하고 있는 것이다.

Waterborne polyurethane dispersions (WPUD) were prepared by poly(ethylene glycol) adipate as the polyester type, α,ω-hydroxyalkyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-diol) as the polysiloxane type, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate, dimethylol propionic acid. The effects of PDMS-diol contents on the particle size, thermal and surface properties of WPUD were investigated. The structures of the synthesized WPUD were confirmed using by FT-IR. The surface, thermal and mechanical properties were investigated by measuring the contact angles, DSC, TGA and UTM. As PDMS-diol contents increased, the particle size, the contact angle, and the elongation was increased, while the tensile strength was decreased. Also the thermal stabilities of the synthesised WPUD were increased as PDMS-diol contents increased.

Biodegradable oil gelling agent was prepared, and their oil absorption capacities using light oil, lubricant oil and corn oil were investigated. The result showed that the oil absorption capacity was depended on the amount of surfactant and starch added, and was increased in the order of light oil, lubricant oil and corn oil. Also, the oil-absorption capacity was saturated within 30 min at 18℃. The biodegradability of the prepared biodegradable oil gelling agent was also studied by determination of reduced sugar produced after enzymatic hydrolysis. Their surface morphologies and thermal properties of the prepared biodegradable oil gelling agent were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively.

Starch was crosslinked with epichlorohydrin. Crosslinked starch-filled waterborne acrylate (CSWAC) films were prepared by blending this crosslinked starch with waterborne acrylate. The thermal and mechanical properties of these films were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile strength and elongation test. The biodegradability was also studied by determination of reduced sugar products after enzymatic hydrolysis and the surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The CSWAC film showed significantly higher tensile strength and elongation than those of starch-filled waterbonre acrylate (SWAC). The biodegradability of this film was higher than that of native starch-filled acrylate film, and was increased by the addition of crosslinked starch to the acrylate film.

The starch-filled waterborne acrylate (SWAC) films were prepared. The structures and properties of SWAC films were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and strength test. The biodegradability of SWAC film was also studied by determination of reduced sugar products after enzymatic hydrolysis. The surface morphology of the SWAC film was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation of SWAC film decreased with the increase of starch content. The SWAC film showed significantly higher water absorbed content than waterbonre acrylate film. The biodegradability of SWAC film increased as the content of starch increased. The biodegradation of starch in SWAC film by α-amylase was about 77% of that of pure starch.

Waterborne fluorinated acrylate copolymer (WFAC) for surface modification of textile was synthesized from perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, surfactant and 3,3 methyl-methoxy butanol. The structures of the synthesized WFAC were determinated by FT-IR and 19F-NMR analysis. The thermal stability investigated with DSC and TGA was decreased with increasing the content of fluorinated acrylate in the copolymer. However, the particle sizes of WFAC were increased with increasing the content of fluorinated acrylate in the copolymer. The surface energies calculated by contact angles of WFAC were in the range of 29.80～13.41 dyne/cm. On the observing SEM of the textile surface treated with WFAC, the textile was swollen and compacted with increasing the concentration of water repellency agent. WFAC synthesized in this study showed a good water repellency.

The biodegradability of vinyl acetate acrylate resin and corn starch blend was studied by determination of the reduced sugars produced after enzymatic hydrolysis. The starch hydrolysis reaction by α-amylase was achieved within 5 minutes. Optimal ranges of temperature and pH for the starch hydrolysis by α-amylase were around 80 oC and 6.5-7.2, respectively. The biodegradability of the starch-filled acrylate films increased as the content of starch increased. The biodegradation of starch in the starch-filled acrylate film by α-amylase was about 48.6% of that of pure starch. This value of biodegradable starch-filled acrylate film gave a good result with enzymatic shortcut test. The surface morphologies of the starch-filled acrylate film after enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Adsorption of phosphate, sulfate, and copper ion to goethite was investigated. Goethite was prepared in the alkaline solution. In the single adsorbate systems, the final equilibrium plateau reached within 20 min. The adsorption isotherms of the individual ions could be well described by the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) were calculated as 0.483 mmol/g and 0.239 mmol/g at pH 3 for phosphate and sulfate ion, and 0.117 mmol/g at pH 6 for copper ion, respectively. In competitive adsorption system with phosphate and sulfate, phosphate ion was a stronger competitor for adsorption on goethite than sulfate ion, which was consistent with higher affinity of phosphate ion for the surface compared to sulfate ion. The existence of sulfate ion enhanced the adsorption of copper ion but the adsorption of sulfate was inhibited when copper ion was present.