고추에서 Colletotrichum scovillei를 검출하고 계수하기 위한 반선택배지가 개발되었다. 기본배지로서 Potatodextrose- agar (PDA)가 사용되었다. 반선택배지의 최종 조성은 부생성곰팡이와 세균을 저해하고, C. scovillei의 생장에 양호할 수 있도록 확립되었다. 반선택배지는 pyribencarb 와 pydiflumetofen 각각 40 μg mL-1와 세균을 방지하기 위한 streptomycin 100 μg mL-1를 포함한다. 배지의 pH는 85% lactic acid로 4.8로 조절했다. 반선택배지에 배양할 때 C. scovillei의 균사생육 저해율은 Fusarium속과 다른 부생균보 다 뚜렷이 낮았다. 반선택배지에 과실과 줄기조직 현탁액 을 평판배양하여 탄저병균이 자연 감염된 식물체로부터 C. scovillei가 검출되었고, 신뢰할 수 있고 정량할 수 있었다. 이것은 자연 감염된 고추조직에서 C. scovillei의 존재를 검출하기 위한 반선택성배지에 대한 처음 보고이다.

흰가루병은 시설 재배 박과류 작물에 광범위하게 발생하여 큰 경제적 피해를 유발하는 병으로서 흰가루병에 의한 피해를 예방하기 위해 실제 현장에서 사용할 수 있는 효과적인 방제체계의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 시설오이 재배지의 흰가루병에 대해 오이흰가루병에 등록된 서로 다른 계통의 4개 약제와 2종의 유기농 자재의 약제 교호살포 체계별 방제효과를 조사하였다. Pyraclostrobin EC (Pyr, a.i. 22.9%), Hexaconazole SC (Hex, a.i. 2%), Flutianil EC (Flu, a.i. 5%), Penthiopyrad EC (Pen, a.i. 20%) 등 4종의 화학약제를 단일약제 반복처리 및 조합처리 방식으로 총 3회 처리한 결과 Pyr → Flu → Pen 처리구는 87%의 높은 방제가를 나타낸 반면, Pyr 연속 3회 처리구는 32.5%의 낮은 방제가를 나타내어 해당 약제에 대한 저항성이 있음을 확인하였다. Pyr → Flu → Pen 처리구와 보호용 살균제인 Iminoctadine-trisalbesilate SC (Imi)를 처리한 구 그리고 유기농 자재 2종의 교호살포 처리구의 방제가를 조사한 결과 Imi → Flu → Pen 처리구의 방제가는 89%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 유기농자재 교차살포 처리구의 방제가는 66.3%로 나타났다. 시험 결과를 바탕으로 Pyr → Flu → Pen, Imi → Flu → Pen 처리구는 시설 오이 재배지 내 발생하는 흰가루병 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 효과적인 약제교호살포체계로 생각된다.

PURPOSES: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a model developed for road surface temperature change pattern in reflecting specific road characteristics. Three types of road sections were considered, namely, basic, tunnel, and soundproof tunnel. METHODS: A thermal mapping system was employed to collect actual road surface temperature and locational data of the survey vehicle. Data collection was conducted 12 times from 05:30 am to 06:30 am on the test route, which is an uninterrupted flow facility. A total of 9010 road surface temperature data were collected, and half of these were selected based on a random selection process. The other half was used to evaluate the performance of the model. The model used herein is based on machine learning algorithms. The mean absolute error (MAE) was used to evaluate the accuracy of the estimation performance of the model. RESULTS: The MAE was calculated to determine the difference between the estimated and the actual road surface temperature. A MAE of 0.48℃ was generated for the overall test route. The basic section obtained the smallest error whereas that of the tunnel was relatively high. CONCLUSIONS: The road surface temperature change is closely related to the air temperature. The process of data pre-processing is very important to improve the estimation accuracy of the model. Lastly, it was difficult to determine the influence of the data collection date on the estimation of the road surface temperature change pattern due to the same weather conditions.

For our survey of insecticidal resistance of Palm thrips (Thrips palmi Karny), we established the discriminating time (DT) and concentration (DC) of nine insecticides, and we conducted a bioassay about seven local populations via leaf-dipping methods. The discriminating times of the recommended concentration (RC) were 24 h at emamectin benzoate EC and spinetoram SC, 48 h at chlorfenapyr EC, 72 h at spinosad SC, cyantraniliprole EC, acetamiprid WP, dinotefuran WG, imidacloprid WP and thiacloprid SC after treatment. The DC estimated the concentration which showed the difference within the mortalities of these local populations. The DCs were emamectin benzoate EC 0.013 mg L-1 (RC, 10.8 mg L-1), spinetoram SC 0.125 mg L-1 (RC, 25.0 mg L-1), chlorfenapyr EC 0.25 mg L-1 (RC, 50.0 mg L-1), spinosad SC 0.083 mg L-1 (RC, 50.0 mg L-1) and cyantraniliprole EC 5.0 mg L-1 (RC, 50.0 mg L-1), and DCs of neonicotinoids were their RCs, that is, acetamiprid WP (RC, 40.0 mg L-1), dinotefuran WG (RC, 20.0 mg L-1), imidacloprid WP (RC, 50.0 mg L-1) and thiacloprid SC (RC, 50.0 mg L-1). From our investigation into the resistance of the local populations with DT and DC application, the neonicotinoid insecticides have shown a high resistant level for all the local populations, and the other insecticides have demonstrated low or non-resistance. In the use of neonicotinoid insecticides to control Palm thrips, one must take caution. As a result, the establishment of DT and DC in the single dose bioassay method was helpful for surveying the insecticide response dynamics and the development of an insecticide resistance management strategy.