The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the environmental and social cultural public benefits but a food supply, 2) to revalue the importance of rural and rural living, This study was carried out through review of literature, a delphi technique, a case study. It was mainly used the delphi technique by expert group. Major findings were as follows ; 1. The public benefits in rural were classified into three categories:(1) social culture (2) natural environment (3) economic & etc. 2. To evaluate the values for public benefits, questionaries were developed by expert group, and the total number of items were 30. 3. There were picked out 12 items on social culture, 10 items on natural environment, and 8 items on economic & etc of public benefits in rural. 4. In the public benefits, a food supply was highest in total 30 items, and water resources contain, emotional-psychological rest, place of environment education, beautiful view, etc were followed in order.

This study was carried out to identify the problems and policy alternatives for the improvement of living conditions and environmentally friendly agriculture. The results of surveys on the current situations of living conditions in the rural areas revealed that the main cause of depopulation in Korean rural villages was the lack of social infrastructure and income sources. The current government policies for agriculture geared mainly for improvement of international comparative competitiveness will result in the further disadvantage against the mountainous regions with marginal agricultural lands. Therefore, it is recommended that the agricultural policy should be complemented by the environmental and social policies in the less favoured areas. This can be justified by the fact that the demand for environmental public goods such as recreational opportunities in rural settings uncontaminated by the industrial wastes is growing.