The purpose of this study was to propose section designs for the ecological improvement of streams in rural villages in Korea. According to the survey about ecological conditions of rural streams of 10 selected rural villages (sep., 1996), the streams could be classified into three divisions(upstream, inner village, downstream), and the average width of streams was 9m, and the height of banks 3.1m. The slopes of basin were 7.33%, 2.67%, 1.39% at upstream, inner village, downstream respectively. The survey about the residents' usage of stream and the preferred activities(jun., 1997) showed that the streams were most frequently used for the supply of agricultural water use(39%), for the washing(15%) and for the recreation and rippling(10%), etc.. Three standard designs were presented for upstream, inner village, and downstream, and three standard sections were made by each designs. For the upstream division, it was designed to be used for the recreational activities in summer and the major stream bank materials were base rock and existing boulders with least artificiality. As the streams in the residential area were expected to be frequent access and used by the residents, most facilities for the streamside activity such as waterfront, water holes, shallows, walk were concentrated in this part with some artificiality. The downstream was designed for the agricultural activities such as water supply, space for the preparation of work and some break during the work.

본 연구에서는 남부 지방 농촌 소하천 제방 지역에 분포하는 죽림의 제방 보강역할을 파악하기 위해서 경남 진주시에 위치한 소하천 제방에 분포하는 죽림(분죽)과 잔디의 지중 뿌리 밀도 및 각 제방 토양의 관입 저항을 측정하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대나무의 경우 토양 깊이가 깊어질수록 뿌리 분포량이 증가하는 경향을 보이는 반면 잔디는 감소하는 경향을 보여 지중 20-30cm 구간에서 가장 높고 지표면(0-l0cm)에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 반면에, 잔디는 지표면(0-10cm)에서 가장 높은 뿌리 밀도를 보였으며, 지중 20-30cm 구간에서 가장 낮은 뿌리 밀도를 보였다. 또한, 지중 30cm까지의 전체 뿌리 분포량은 대나무가 잔디의 약 2.5배에 이른다. 죽근의 경우 지중 50cm 이상까지 분포함을 고려할 때, 실제로는 이보다 차이가 많을 것으로 예상된다. 2. 시료채취를 위한 관 삽입 시 소요되는 타격수는 지중 뿌리의 밀도에 따라서 현격하게 차이가 나는데 죽근의 관입 저항치(평균 21회)가 잔디(평균 8회)의 3배 정도인 것으로 나타났다.

Still today, many streams are channelized and embanked in Korea. On the other hand, some urban streams are being restored to their natural shapes by landscape planners. It would be better to improve rural streams in a way that would not require restoration in later days. Then, one important question is what kind of embankments the residents prefer for what reasons. Five simulated photos showing from very natural to artificial embankments were used in surveying 90 residents of three villages. Major findings are ; 1. Residents regard safety(from flooding) is the most critical factor to be considered in selection of stream bank materials. 2. They think ideal materials are natural stones or concrete blocks as they look tidy. Concrete retaining walls or vegetated natural slopes are not regarded good. 3. The most preferred material is concrete retaining wall, and the least preferred is vegetated natural slope. They prefer concrete retaining wall which they do not think an ideal material, because it will make a safe bank. 4. Natural stone bank is most preferred for its apperance, and vegetated natural slpoe is most disliked as it may collapse and as it does not look clean.

The purpose of this study is to suggest the spatial model which can be applied to the tourism farm plan. This study includes : (1) the analysis of existing facilities and activities of 22 tourism farms in Kyunggido and (2) the survey questionnaire about user's attitudes in 3 tourism farms. The results can be summarized as follows : 1) The .Major activities in the tourism farm are the resting/playing based on the natural environment and group meeting. 2) Average area is 17879.4uf (5418 坪). The most frequent facility is restaurant and lodge. 3) It is necessary to propose various types of tourism farm considering both natural conservation and development of rural region and users'various wants. The tourism farms are officially classified into four types Natural education type, Mind and body training type, Weekend farm type, Recreation type. 4) The space for tourism farm is divided into an area of production, and area of processing, and an area of convenience/recreation. 5) It is desired the convenience facilities are located in front of a farm, and the area of production is located at the back of a farm, and simple rest facilities are located all of the farm. 6) The weekend farm model and processing/convenient facility model are proposed in this study. Three types of the weekend farm models are proposed - simple type, composite type, and garden type. Three types of the processing/convenient models are proposed one building type, adjacent building type, and scattered building type.

The purpose of this study is to analyze structural and ecological characteristics of streams in rural village. The methods used in this study were measuring the section and surveying the vegetation of the stream at three points(upstream, inner village, downstream ) of 10 rural villages. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) The average width of streams is 9 m, and the height of banks 3.1 m. the downstreams are the widest(average 10 m), and the inner-villages are the narrowest (average 8 m), and the slopes of basin are 7.33 %, 2.67 %, 1.39 % at upstream, inner-village, downstream respectively. 2) The downstreams are more contaminated than upstreams due to the sewage from the residents, especially livestock wastewater. 3) The dominant species in the streams are Persicaria thunbergii H. Gross (average Cover 17.76 %) and cumulus japonicas Sieb et. Zucc (average Cover 7.75 % ). 4) The average area covered by vegetation is 53.31 % the downstreams are covered 65.7 %, but inner-village area covered by vegetation is 46.6 %. 5) The problem found in this study are severe water contamination, poor accessibility to stream and poor vegetation of inner-village area, etc.