In veterinary medicine, anaesthesia is fundamental for many medical acts, as complementary tests or surgical procedures. This discipline has evolved enormously in recent years, both in terms of practices as well as in terms of materials and used molecules.The aim of the present study was to compare three anaesthetic protocols, using injectable anaesthesia Ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine, ketamine/xylazine, and ketamine/xylazine /meloxicam in rabbits. Nine adult males, Neo-Zealand breed rabbits, weighing between 2.5 and 3.5 Kg were randomly divided into three groups, housed indoor to accommodate the place of experiments to evaluate their effects on risk factors associated with peri-anaesthetic mortality, along with gastrointestinal complications, in order to establish a suitable anaesthetic protocol, coupled with continuous monitoring of the anaesthetized animal. The association of acepromazine, xylazine, and ketamine, which give a deep myorelaxation and remarkable analgesia, obtained the anaesthesia. Fixed products do not lead to any myorelaxation of the mandibular muscles. The addition of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug increased the effect of the peri-anaesthetic analgesia. The protocol using acepromazine, xylazine, and ketamine is the best schema for the potentiated general anaesthesia in rabbit, because of its insignificant effect on the intestinal motility.

Colibacillosis, which is caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), is one of the most common infectious diseases affecting poultry and causes the great economic losses to poultry production worldwide. The present study investigated the presence of E. coli in broiler chickens affected by colibacillosis and reared at various locations in Tiaret Province as well as evaluated the susceptibility of isolated E. coli strains to various antimicrobial agents. A total of 110 samples collected from 55 broiler chickens representing liver (n=55) and spleen (n=55) showing lesions suspected to be colibacillosis were analyzed by conventional methods, and 33 E. coli isolates were tested on a panel of seven antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. The overall isolation rates of E. coli were 60% (33/55) and 50.9% (56/110) in whole chickens and organs, respectively. There was no variation in the isolation rate between organs: 50% (28/56) for liver and 50% (28/56) for spleen. All E. coli isolates tested showed 100% resistance to Nalidixic acid and Ofloxacine, followed by 93.93%, 90.90%, and 51.51% resistance to Tetracycline, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Co-trimoxazole), and Chloramphenicol, respectively. However, low resistance to Gentamycin was observed (12.12%), whereas all E. coli isolates were susceptible to Colistin sulfate. Multidrug resistance was observed in 96.96% (32/33) of the isolates tested. We conclude that E. coli was largely present in broiler chickens affected by colibacillosis in Tiaret Province, and multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates showed high resistance to multiple antibiotics.