국제감자연구소(International Potato Center:CIP)는 국제농업 자문그룹 산하의 국제농업연구센터 중의 한 기관으로 종자은행을 운영하여 페루 원산인 감자와 고구마 및 마카, 야콘 등 안데스 뿌리작물을 중심으로 다양한 유전자원을 보존하고 있다. 1. 총 257종 16,762점의 유전자원을 보존하고 있는데(2010년 1월 기준), 감자가 148종 7,180점(42.8%), 고구마가 68종8,026점(47.9%)로 세계에서 가장 많이 보존하고 있고, 기타 안데스뿌리작물 9작물 41종, 1,556점(9.3%)을 보존하고 있다. 2. 감자의 경우 종자, 괴경(tuber), 조직배양(in-vitro) 및 식물표본의 형태로 보존한다. 3. 중기저장고(온도 4oC, 습도는 30~40%)는 종자를 10년간 보존하고, 장기저장은 -20oC에 30년 이상 저장을 목표로한다. 식물표본은 감자에 한해서 총 195종 25,000점을 보존하고 있다. 4. 종자의 경우는 3년마다 발아율을 조사하여 60%미만 발아율을 보이는 자원은 증식하게 되고 영양체는 조직배양이나 초저온으로 동결 보존한다. 5. 작물별로 년 300점 정도의 유전자원을 포장에 전개하여 농업적 형질과 식품적 기능성 형질에 대한 특성평가를 하고 분자생물학적 방법을 이용하여 중복성과 진위성 검정을 실시하고 있다 6. 유전자원정보화시스템(germplasm database)에 유전자원을 정보화하고 분양신청이 가능하도록 홈페이지에 공개한다. 7. 분양은 품종육성 등 연구목적의 경우 무상분양을 원칙으로 하며, 분양시 식량농업식물유전자원국제조약(International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture: ITPGRFA)의 다자체제에 따른 식물유전자원분양계약서(Standard Material Transfer Agreement:SMTA)를 작성하고 그 결과를 데이터베이스에 등록하여 공개한다. 2007년 기준으로 총 153개 국가에 103,061점을 분양하였다.

Background : Recently there has been an increasing demand for well-being and health food products. Foreign special and medicinal crops which were not cultivated in Korea before are widely introduced and cultivated in Korea. Therefore, in order to provide the basic information necessary for stable cultivation of the introduced crops, we conducted a survey on the actual condition of cultivation of farms and sought to suggest future work. Methods and Results : The survey was conducted in cooperation with the Rural Development Administration and local rural organizations in the year 2015 based on cultivation area, number of farms, and cultivation scale. In thes case of Lepdium meyenii and Asimina triloba, we surveyed the status of management technology by stage of cultivation through the field case study of farms. As a result, 14 crops were cultivated in 1,015 farms in 329.9 ha area including, Allium hookeri, Amaranthus blitum, Annona muricata, Asimina triloba, Chenopodium quinoa, Curcuma longa, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Gynura procumbens, Lepdium meyenii, Moringa oleifera, Ocimum americanum, Psidium guajava, Silybum marianum, and Stachys japonica. The cultivation scale decreased in the order of C. longa, G. uralensis, A. hookeri, P. guajava, L. meyenii, M. oleifera, and A. triloba. Generally, L. meyenii seeds were sown generally in September and the roots were harvested from mid April to early May in the following year after wintering. A. triloba was cultivated using emerged seedlings or grafted seedlings. The emerged seedlings were more 5 years, and the grafted seedlings were more 4 years so that the fruit can be harvested. Conclusion : In order to stabilize the cultivation of special and medicinal crops introduced from foreign countries, it should be safe and economical in terms of cultivation environment based on domestic cultivation adaptability test, and the use of products and sales channels should be established first. Also, national support and countermeasures for benefit sharing under the Nagoya protocol are needed.

Cowpea might have been introduced from China to Korea and cultivated for several hundred years but it has never been a staple food crop in Korea. In this study, genetic diversity of 492 Korean cowpea landrace accessions that have passport information was estimated using six SSR markers. The mean of Weir's gene diversity was 0.665 from all accessions investigated in the study. Cowpea gene diversity of six local provinces in Korea was ranged from 0.370 in accessions of Gangwon to 0.680 in Jeonra provinces. Low gene diversity of the cowpea genepool of Gangwon province was probably derived from relatively few introductions. Especially SSR markers VM36 and VM39 seem to be good markers to distinguish the Gangwon accessions from others by occurring at a specific locus with higher than 78% of allele frequency. Except for the Gangwon province with the low genetic diversity, gene diversity of cowpea accessions from other provinces was ranged from 0.600 to 0.680 indicating no big differences among provinces. Distribution pattern of the allele frequencies was similar among the other provinces. This may reveal that Korean farmers might exchange cowpea seeds easily with even their neighbors with geographical barriers. A core collection, 100 landraces, ca. 20% of base collection, was developed at the 70% of a similarity coefficient level using random sampling approaches after stratification of the entire landrace collection based on the phenetic dendrogram. The variability of SSR in the base and core collections of Korean cowpea landrace was compared by calculating Weir's gene diversity. The mean of Weir's gene diversity of the core was 0.707 while that of the base collection was 0.665. The higher diversity index in the core collection indicates that it maintains the initial variability and well represents the base collection. The core collection included one of determinate accession (IT 216155) and two of no branching type accessions (IT 103959 and IT 161024). The core collection could be used to guide more efficient management and utilization of the entire collection. This core collection should be revised periodically as additional accessions are collected and further characterization is conducted.

The Korean native rice collection consists of landrace and weedy strains. The weedy strains are represented by two dis-tinctive populations, Share and red rice. The 242 representative accessions of Korean native rice collection were selected basedon the p

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among five cultivated Capsicum species were assessed using both mor-phological characters and DNA finger-printing patterns. Based on the clustering analysis using morphological characters withineach species

This study was conducted to explore and collect the wild adzuki bean (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis) and its relative (V. nakashimae) from the basins of Namhan and Bukhan rivers in Korea. Their DNA polymorphism and genetic relationships were measured.