This summer, Korea had to deal with extreme heat wave. In this research, fruit flies (Drosophila) were used to analyze the behavior of insects at a high temperature. For the experiment, three male and female fruit flies were put in each of 4 media vials. One vial was incubated at 25°C, the average temperature in August. In three vials, fruit flies were incubated in each 28°C, 30°C, and 32°C for the experiment. The breeding coefficient and death rate were calculated by counting the number of imago fruit flies in each vial and how many of them died. Also, we observed various behavioral differences. The air speed velocity of fruit flies was measured to compare the difference in behavior of fruit flies. Finally, size of them were observed by dissecting microscope. From this research, we can realize the correlation between global warming and the ecosystem of insects.

Recent discovery of 2M⊙ neutron stars in white dwarf-neutron star binaries, PSR J1614-2230 and PSR J0348+0432, has given strong constraints on the maximum mass of neutron stars. On the other hand, all well-measured neutron star masses in double neutron star binaries are still less than 1.5M⊙. These observations suggest that the neutron star masses in binaries may depend on the evolution process of neutron star binaries. In addition, recent works on LMXB (low-mass X-ray binaries) provides us the possibility of estimating the masses and radii of accreting neutron stars in LMXBs. In this talk, we discuss the implications of recent neutron star observations to the neutron star equation of states and the related astrophysical problems. For the evolution of neutron star binaries, we also discuss the possibilities of super-Eddington accretion onto the primary neutron stars.