Linear carbon chains (LCCs) encapsulated inside the hollow cores of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been experimentally synthesized and structurally characterized by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. However, in terms of electronic conductivity, their transportation mechanism has not been investigated theoretically or experimentally. In this study, the density of states and quantum conductance spectra were simulated through density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green function method. The encapsulated LCCs inside (5,5), (6,4), and (9,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibited a drastic change from metallic to semiconducting or from semiconducting to metallic due to the strong charge transfer between them. On the other hand, the electronic change in the conductance value of LCCs encapsulated inside the (7,4) SWCNT were in good agreement with the superposition of the individual SWCNTs and the isolated LCCs owing to the weak charge transfer.

For QTL analysis of agronomic traits based on cultivation of low and high altitude locations, BC1 F5 181 lines were developed from a cross of Tongil type Gayabyeo and japonica Chhomrong originated from Nepal. Plant materials were grown in both of low altitude area of Milyang, Korea and high altitude area of Khumaltar, Nepal. In QTLs analysis, a total of 42 QTLs were detected in days to flowering, culm length, panicle length, number of panicles/hill, panicle exertion, and spikelet ripening ratio. Although many of the QTLs were coincided between the two locations of Korea and Nepal, several QTLs were revealed as location specific in high altitude area of Khumaltar. Especially, the regions harboring marker RM489-RM14281 on chromo- some 3, RM5642-RM19049 on chromosome 5, and RM2854-RM6696 on chromosome 12 where QTLs were clustered and coincided between the two locations are considered as positive target regions for environmental independent traits. Furthermore, high rate of location specific QTLs such as panicle exertion and spikelet ripening ratio could be considered carefully for understanding the mechanism of cold tolerance based on cultivation of different altitude location.