There exists very little information on the ultrastructure of substance P immunopositive (+) fibers in the human dental pulp, which may help in understanding the mechanism for substance P associated pulpal inflammatory pain. To address this issue, we investigated the presence of substance P+ fibers in the human dental pulp by light- and electron-microscopic immunohistochemistry. Light microscopy revealed that substance P+ fibers ran within neurovascular bundles in the radicular pulp and in the core of coronal pulp. They were also frequently present in the peripheral pulp. Substance P+ fibers showed beads like swellings interconnected by thin axonal strand, in a manner similar to bouton en passants and interconnecting axonal strand in the spinal cord. Electron microscopy revealed that almost all the substance P+ axons were unmyelinated. The axonal swellings of the substance P+ contained numerous clear round vesicles (40-50 nm in diameter) and many large dense-cored vesicles (80-110 nm in diameter) as well as many mitochondria. The vesicles and mitochondria were rarely observed in the thin axonal strand interconnecting the swellings. Intimate interrelationship or synaptic structure between the swellings of substance P+ axon and nearby pulpal cells or axons was not found. These findings suggest co-release of substance P and glutamate from the substance P+ pulpal axons and its action on nearby structures in a paracrine manner.

We have used bulked segregant analysis to screen the strain-specific DNA marker associated psychrophilic strain of Pleurotus eryngii. Bulked genomic DNAs of Pleurotus eryngii were amplified by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using OP-A, OP-B, OP-L, OP-P, OP-R and OP-S primers to screen the strain-specific DNA marker. A unique DNA fragment of 490 bp was amplified with OP-L18 primer from the psychrophilic strain and sequenced. A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker was designed on the basis of the determined sequence and named as OP-L18-1. The PCR analysis with the OP-L18-1 primer showed that this SCAR marker clearly distinguish the psychrophilic strains from the control strains.

Recent corpus-based approaches have emphasised autonomous and process-oriented methodologies focused on developing learners’ cognitive skills. This cognitive development is based on consciousness-raising being considered a necessary condition for language learning (Schmidt, 1990). From this viewpoint, the study was aimed at how this kind of corpus-based approach contributes to EFL learners’ interlanguage development. To this end, the study examined advanced Korean learners’ acquisition of English determiners via a corpus-based methodology designed to enhance their cognitive ability and skills. To achieve this, the study contrastively analysed two methodologies: traditional structuralist and corpus-based. The former focused on a product-oriented perspective which is commonly used in Korean grammar classes, while the latter focused on a process-oriented perspective which was based on learners’ exploration of corpus data. The study discovers that both methodologies lead learners to raise their consciousness of knowledge about the grammatical rules of language, but the corpus-based methodology also raises learners’ consciousness of the knowledge of how language is used at the level of noticing. This result suggests that this level of consciousness, raised via a process-oriented corpus methodology, can contribute to EFL learners’ interlanguage development.

In this paper, the necessity of developing effective nondestructive testing and monitoring techniques for the evaluation of structural integrity and performance is described. The evaluation of structural integrity and performance is especially important when the structures and subject to abrupt external forces such as earthquake. A prompt and extensive inspection is required over a large area of earthquake-damaged zone. This evaluation process is regarded as a part of performance-based design. In the paper, nondestructive testing and monitoring techniques particularly for concrete structures are presented as methods for the evaluation of structural integrity and performance. The concept of performance-based design is first defined in the paper followed by the role of evaluation of structures in the context of overall performance=based design concept. Among possible techniques for the evaluation, nondestructive testing methods for concrete structures using radar and a concept of using fiber sensor for continuous monitoring of structures are presented.

Effect of magnetic field on the thermal instability is studied in the radiatively cooling region behind an interstellar shock of moderate propagation velocity ( ∼ 10 k m / s e c ). It is shown that the presence of interstellar magnetic field of a few micro gauss is very effective in preventing the thermal instability from building-up density concentration. In the absence of magnetic field, the shock-induced thermal instability amplifies preshock density inhomogeneity by more than an order of magnitude. However, in the presence of magnetic field, the amplified density contrast is shown to be only a factor 2.

The growth, yield and chemical properties of waxy corn Sonjajang~timesKNU-7 and Asan~timesKNU-7 planted in different dates and mulch types in a converted paddy field was investigated. Experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a split split-plot arrangement with four replications. Planting dates (D) [May 16 (D1, early), June 1 (D2, middle), June 6 (D3, late)] represented main plots, plastic mulch (M) [(BM, black mulch; TM, transparent mulch)] for subplots while waxy corn crosses [Sonjajang~timesKNU-7 (‘Sonja’) and Asan~timesKNU-7 (‘Asan’)] for sub-subplots. Results showed that D had a significant effect on growth characters except emergence, ear quality except ear diameter, and yield whereas M showed significant effect on growth characters only. Superior growth and ear quality performance were recorded in D1 and BM. In terms of crosses, ‘Sonja’ had better growth performance than ‘Asan’ regardless of D and M, but performed better at D1 and BM. Highest yield was obtained in D1 for BM (2,131 kg 10a-1 ) and TM (1,655 kg 10a-1 ) but no significant difference in the yield across V was recorded. In terms of starch and sugar contents, a decreasing trend was observed from D1 to D3 regardless of M and V.

2003년에 이상적으로 많이 발생하여 벼에 심각한 피해를 가져온 혹명나방의 재배방법별, 엽록소 함량별 피해실태를 조사하여 피해에 따른 수량반응, 미질변화 등을 구명하고자 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 혹명나방의 피해가 심할수록 벼의 등숙비율, 천립중의 감소와 복백립 등 미숙립의 증가에 따른 완전미 비율이 감소되어 완전미 수량이 피해가 심한 곳에서 36% 감소되었다. 2. 혹명나방의 피해가 심할수록 쌀의 외관상 품위가 떨어질 뿐만 아니라 단백질함량이 높아져 식미치는 감소되어 미질이 급격히 저하되었다. 3. 질소질 비료의 시용량이 증가할수록 혹명나방에 의한 피해는 증가하였으며, 특히 주남벼의 경우 질소량이 증가할수록 피해가 급증하였다. 4. 질소 시비량이 추천 시비량인 11 kg/10a를 초과시 피해엽율이 60% 이상으로 급증하였고, 60% 이상 피해를 입은 엽의 비율도 25%이상으로 늘어나 수량 감수 요인으로 작용하였다.