This study showcases an International Learning Exchange (ILE) program between North Korean (NK) refugee students in South Korea and American university students from the US. ILE programs connect two or more linguistic/ cultural groups for intercultural awareness, which provide authentic communicative environments. However, the prevalent use of English and research focus mostly on non-native English-speaking students reflect the ideology of native-speakerism embedded in ILE programs. The purpose of this study was to develop an ILE program that resists native-speakerism and to investigate its influences on native as well as non-native English-speaking students. Adopting a case-study approach, data were collected from video-taping, fieldnotes, student documents, surveys, and interviews. Findings show how the authors designed and implemented a principle-based ILE program. The responses of NK students show their growing motivation and communication ability. The responses of American students show their critical reflections on their native-speaker identities. This study offers insights into designing ILE programs based on multilingualism and translanguaging.

Medicinal soybean, which has been proven to be effective in preventing cancer, heart disease, osteoporosis, and renal failure, is drawing people’s attention among other beans in recent days. This experiment was to examine the concentration of phenolic compounds and isoflavone in 53 kinds of soybeans cultivated and collected in Yeo-Ju, Gyeonggi-do region. The total average content of phenol is 29424.34㎍/g and the most and least phenol were detected in No. 35(814.98㎍/g) and No. 28(353.66㎍/g) respectively. Myricetin was detected the most resveratrol whereas detected the least amount which was less than 0.2% of the total amount among all medicinal soybean samples. Total average isoflavone content was 35910.56㎍/g and the most and least isoflavone was detected in No. 15 (996.66 ㎍/g ) and No.9 (476.18㎍/g )respectively . Malonylgenistin was detecteded the most genistein whereas detected the least amount which was less than 0.02 % of the total amount in all medicinal soybean samples. The result of this experiment is considered to be the basic data of the functional food manufacturing by utilizing domestic medicinal soybean.

Switchgrass is a wild-perennial plant in North America, and rich in cellulose, making it attractive as a source for cellulosic ethanol. Especially, ethanol which is made from switchgrass produce more 540% energy better than the others. The objectives of this study were to examine the concentrations of phenolic compounds, monosaccharides and disaccharides which detected in some different part (upper, center, lower) of 34 species of switchgrasses. The total average of phenolic compound concentration was 4017.48 ㎍/g. Whereas it's concentration in the upper part was shown the highest (6669.09㎍/g) and the lower part was the lowest (1916.30㎍/g). The No.23 has the highest concentration of phenolic compounds but No.20 have the lowest concentration. In saccharides analysis, only arabinose and glucose are detected. The total average of monosaccharides and disaccharides concentration was 206284.75 ㎍/g. Whereas its concentration in the upper part was shown the highest (269738.18㎍/g) and the lower part was the lowest (167567.53㎍/g). The No.30 has the highest concentration of saccharides but No.2 have the lowest concentration. The obtained results shows that switchgrass are good sources of bio-ethanol and the upper part is the best among them.

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merill) is a good source of vegetable oil and high-quality protein. Soy foods have became popular food worldly because of its ingredients. Recently, as the well-being trends, the demand for soybean has increased in the West as well as in Asian countries. It contains valuable source of dietary isoflavones and phenolic compounds which are important secondary metabolites. The 33 germplasm cultivated in Yeoju, Gyeonggi-do region. The obtained results showed that isoflavones and phenolic compounds were significantly various. The highest compounds is malonyl genistin (230.89㎍𝑔-1), the lowest is genistin(0.70㎍𝑔-1) and the highest germplasm is Dunggeunseolitaekong (2222.60㎍𝑔-1) in isoflavone. In phenolic compounds, the highest compounds is myricetin (155.59㎍𝑔-1) and the lowest is vanillin (1.89㎍𝑔-1). Total containment of phenolic compounds is the highest in Dunggeunseolitaekong (803.76㎍𝑔-1) germplasm.