Stem and root of elm trees have used as traditional medical materials, but there is little information on the distribution and resources of habitats. Korean native growing Ulmus spp. (U. davidiana var. Japonica, U. parvifolia, U. davidiana, and U. macrocarpa) genetic resources studied through The National Forest Inventory of Korea data and field survey. The distributions of U. davidiana var. japonica according to elevation distributed evenly. Both U. parvifolia and U. davidiana were inhabited mostly at less than 200 m of altitude. Each Ulmaceae species widely were distributed nationwide, but a dominant species was different depending on locals. It observed that Ulmaceae inhabits mainly in steep slopes of 31-45 degrees. Most of the habitats regenerated by natural seeding and the most abundant species were a codominant tree. Distribution of trees in U davidiana var. japonica was 7 m-13 m, and in young U. parvifolia and U. macrocarpa, more than 25% of young trees less than 7 m observed. The distribution of the diameter of breast height of the U. davidiana var. japonica was 46.4% for 11-20 cm, 52.6% for 11-20 cm in U. parvifolia. The average T/R ratio was 0.83, and the mean weight ratio of root bark was 62%. As the results of this study, the domestic Ulmaceae biomassare very small. It is difficult to harvest in that the habitat on the slope. Thus, it is too hard to develop functional materials using biomass at present. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technology for the selection and propagation of elite trees of Ulmaceae.

The family Scelionidae is distributed all around the world, which has approximately 3,000 species within 150 genera in the world. To date 39 species of 15 genera from 3 subfamilies in Scelionidae are recorded in South Korea. In this study, we report a new record of the genus Idiris with one species. There are many parasitory and predatory insects specializing on spider eggs. Among scelionids, some species (Baeus achaearneus, Comastichus zopheros, Idris sp.) parasitize spider eggs. However, there was no Korean record for scelionid wasps parasitizing in egg sacs of spider. Based on morphology, ecology, and DNA identification, we recognized this species, Idris sp., being new to Korea. All examined specimens and DNA samples are deposited in Kunsan National University.

The optimized in vitro culture system was investigated for improvement of regeneration efficiencies by observing the responses of scutella-derived callus of Korean rice (Oryza sativa L.). Large variations of callus induction (43.9-93.9%) and shoot regeneration (0-88.7%) were observed among the rice cultivars depending on medium. However, shoot regeneration was significantly improved by selected utilization of basal medium, growth regulators, and carbon sources. N6 basal medium was more efficient for embryogenic callus induction than MS or LS basal medium, while MS was superior to N6 for shoot regeneration. The calli of highly regenerative cultivars grew faster and showed higher rates of green tissue formation (GT) and shoot regeneration (SR) and lower rate of callus browning (CB) than those of recalcitrant cultivars. Although a higher level of kinetin stimulated the GT and SR in highly regenerative cultivars, 10~textrmmgL-1 kinetin generally suppressed the GT and SR, while CB was accelerated compared to 2~textrmmgL-1 kinetin. Additional benefits of sorbitol combined with maltose (or sucrose) under 5~textrmmgL-1 kinetin were certainly confirmed on regeneration efficiencies compared to sucrose alone as carbon source and osmotic regulator. This combination showed high rate of GT and SR with multiple shoots while low rate of CB. With MSRK5SM-Pr medium (5~textrmmgL-1 kinetin, 3% sorbitol, 2% maltose, 500~textrmmgL-1 proline), the regeneration efficiencies of total 17 out of 24 cultivars were practically improved 160% on average compared to MSRK2S (2~textrmmgL-1 kinetin, 3% sucrose) control medium. Especially, the medium was most effective to the cultivars showing a medium level of regenerability such as Daesanbyeo and Dongjinbyeo and Suwon477, enhancing efficiencies more than 300-600% compared to MSRK2S medium.