Despite the importance of technology-based innovation and customer participation for both practitioners and academics, the impact of different customer participation types in new product innovation has rarely been addressed. Since consumers' positive assessment of new technologies leads to positive outcomes in the market, consumer evaluation of new technologies is important. Thus, examining the consumer perception of technology-based innovation including the different levels of customer participation is meaningful to new theoretical and practical insights.

In this study, I argue that appositives in the traditional sense and afterthoughts should be treated as a single construction. Afterthoughts share the attested properties of appositives, differing only in linear position. Therefore, I refer to appositives that appear adjacent to the anchor as anchor-adjacent appositives and those that appear non-adjacent to the anchor as afterthought appositives. Within the framework of Constructionbased HPSG, I show that the parenthetical properties of anchor-adjacent and afterthought appositives can be accounted for without having to assume a noncanonical structure. Syntactically, appositives are integrated into the host clause as NP-adjuncts. Specifically, I propose a new subtype of the headmodifier- cx(construction): head-parenthetical-modifier -cx. In terms of semantics, I propose a new semantic dimension to deal with parenthetical elements, inspired by Potts’ (2005) work.