목적 : 미세먼지가 콘택트렌즈 착용자의 눈물막에 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 미세먼지 농도 수준에 따라 콘 택트렌즈 착용 후 눈물의 양과 안정성의 변화를 평가하였다. 방법 : 안질환이 없고 안경과 콘택트렌즈를 모두 착용하는 20대 근시안 31명을 대상으로, 하루 8시간씩 하루 착용 소프트 콘택트렌즈(L사, 함수율 55%)를 착용하도록 하였다. 대상자는 OSDI 값을 기준으로 정상안과 건성안 으로 세분하여 분석하였다. 미세먼지 농도는 한국환경공단에서 제공된 값을 기준으로 좋음(0~30 ㎍/m³)과 나쁨 (51~100 ㎍/m³) 수준으로 구분하고, 미세먼지 농도가 좋음과 나쁨 수준인 날에 모두 눈물검사를 실시하였다. 눈 물양은 OCCUTUBE(OccuTech Co., LTD, Seongnam, Korea)로, 안정성은 침습성눈물막파괴시간(TBUT)과 비 침습성눈물막파괴시간(NIBUT)으로 평가하였고, 미세먼지 수준에 따른 비교는 SPSS version 21.0(SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA)를 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 미세먼지 나쁨 수준에서 눈물의 양과 안정성은 안경 및 콘택트렌즈 착용 시 모두 유의하게 감소하여(p＜.050), 건성안 범주의 값으로 측정되었다. 콘택트렌즈 착용은 미세먼지 좋음 수준에서도 안경착용과 비교하여 눈물양이 감소하였고, 미세먼지 나쁨 수준에서는 TBUT가 감소하였다. 특히 건성안에서는 미세먼지 나쁨 수준에서 콘택트렌즈를 착용한 경우에 정상안보다 TBUT가 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론 : 미세먼지는 눈물의 양과 안정성을 모두 감소시켜 건성안 유발요인으로 작용하는 것으로 사료되며, 미세 먼지 나쁨 수준에서 콘택트렌즈 착용은 눈물막 안정성을 나쁘게 하여 건성안의 경우 증상이 더욱 악화될 수 있으 므로 미세먼지 나쁨 수준인 날에는 건성안 예방을 위하여 안경착용을 권고해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

We report the development of a semi-VLBI observation system operating at 21 cm and present the measurement of visibility function toward the sun using this system. The system consists of two 2.3 meter antennas with a maximum separation of 35 meter, a conventional high speed data acquisition system, and a set of programs for software correlation. Since two local oscillators of receiver modules are independent, data had to be fringe-fitted to yield the visibility amplitude. It is found that the visibility amplitude decreases and then bounces back as baseline increases. We confirm that solar disk with brighter limb best explains the measured visibility amplitude.

Purpose: Team cohesion and team work are the usual components for explanation of team performance in Korean sport psychological field which is somewhat limited. So for the purpose of systematic and effective explanation of performance, this study was aimed to investigate concept of integral interaction among team members. Methods: Subjects of study were 255 middle and high schools elite players(soccer, basketball and volleyball). Results were extracted from often-ended questionnaires. Data were inductively analyzed through a meeting of experts. Results: With regard to coach interaction, players of team sports represented assimilation, communication and role, and represented assimilation, communication and dependence in regard to colleague player interaction. Conclusion: The present study has contributed to existing literature by providing basic resources to further develop the questionnaires in relation to team sports interaction. Furthermore, the findings from this research may shed light on the scientific and objective knowledge in performance improvement of team sports.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of grades, positions, and match results in the causal relationships between achievement-goal orientation and sport flow among middle and high school soccer players. The total data of 448 copies were collected from middle and high school soccer teams while 405 copies were accepted for final analysis without 43, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to the data. The result of latent mean analysis showed that middle school players had significantly higher mean in sense of control of sport flow and transformation of time, and defenders showed significantly higher than offenders in ego orientation and transformation of time, while winning group achieved significantly higher than losing group in all factors except ecstasy. Also multi-group analysis showed that achievement-goal orientation had significant effect on sport flow in middle and high school players, and middle school players had more powerful effect than high school players. Meanwhile, the achievement-goal orientation affected significantly on sport flow in offenders and defenders, and ego orientation of offenders affects on sport flow. task orientation of winning and losing groups had significant effect on sport flow, and ego orientation of winning group showed significant effect on sport flow.

The effect of seasonal wind on the tidal circulation in Jeju harbor was examined by using a numerical shallow water model. A finite element for analyzing shallow water flow is presented. The Galerkin method is employed for spatial discretization. Two step explicit finite element scheme is used to discretize the time function, which has advantage in problems treating large numbers of elements and unsteady state. The numerical simulation is compared with three cases; Case 1 does not consider the effect of wind, Case 2 and Case 3 consider the effect of summer and winter seasonal wind, respectively. According to result considering effect of seasonal wind, velocity of current vector shows slightly stronger than that of case 1 in the flow field. It can be concluded that the present method is a useful and effective tool in tidal current analysis.