Background : Compositae is one of the largest plant families which has high probability of diversity and mutation. Though the various researches about the Compositae are ongoing, it is incomplete and need to be conducted the molecular genetic researches to back up the previous studies. This research was performed to identify the genetic divergence of Compositae plants based on the DNA barcoding for cpDNA-matK and rbcL regions. Methods and Results : For this studies, the genetic sequence analysis (SNP/InDel) and phylogenetic analysis were conducted by using Neighbor-Joining algorithm as targeting the nineteen specimens from 7 species which received a IT number along with NCBI Genbank database (http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) sequences. The result of matK sequence analysis, 68 SNP and 2 InDel regions (at nt 527-538bp and 695-706bp positions) were confirmed. Also 10 SNPs were found in rbcL region. The genetic divergence showed 0.000-0.059% in matK regions, and the mean was 0.024%. The highest distance were observed between Ligualria fischeri and the group composed with Aster tataricus and Solidago virgauria (2 and 3). The sequence divergence for rbcL regions showed 0.000-0.018%, and the mean was 0.005%. The highest sequence distance in rbcL region were observed between L. fischeri group and S. virgauria (HE574593). In result of phylogenetic analysis in matK region, the most species formed independent clade. A. tataricus in Aster genus and two samples of S. virguaria in Solidago genus were formed one same clade. S. virguaria(1) and A. spathulifolius(2) has been separated into independently for the plants belonging to same genus, respectively. A. spathulifolius showed differences with NCBI data. The rbcL formed one same clade except L. fischeri and Synurus deltoides. Conclusion : This study indicates that matK is more valuable than rbcL for the distinction among the species of Compositae. This results are expected to be used for the establishment of the classification system of Compositae as well as for the studies in the development of an authentication marker.

Background : Ixeris dentata is the perennial herbaceous plant in the Ixeris genera within the Compositae family. The whole plant has been used traditionally as herbal medicine. It is widely distributed in South Korea and the genetic difference among the plants harvested from different regions may differ due to the disparity in cultivation climate. Therefore, this research was performed to discriminate the I. dentata that are collected from four locations in South Korea based on sequence analysis of nrDNA-ITS region. Methods and Results : Genomic DNA was extracted from I. dentata obtained from Goesan, Dangjin, Yangpyeong, and Chuncheon. I. stonolifera was included for a comparison of genetic distance with I. dentata. PCR amplification was performed by using an universal barcode nrDNA-ITS primer for DNA barcoding. After sequencing, the data was aligned using ClustalW multiple alignment tool in BioEdit version 7.2.5 software. SNP and phylogenetic analysis were conducted with the MEGA7 program. Phylogenetic analysis was presented with Neighbor-joining method using the K2P model. Statistical significance are evaluated using bootstrap (1,000 replicates). PCR products were amplified with about 800bp length for the ITS1-4 sequences of all samples. Nineteen SNPs were detected within a 578bp fragment of the aligned sequences. The mean GC content was 51.88% for ITS1-4 sequences of them. The interspecific genetic distance between I. dentata and I. stonolifera was 0.029%. The highest region-specific distance was confirmed to 0.010% between the plants from Dangjin with Goesan and Chuncheon group. Meanwhile, the mean intraspecific distance among the plants from Yangpyeong was 0.002%. Conclusion : In the phylogenetic analysis, the plants from Goesan and Chuncheon were placed within the same clade, while the plants from Dangjin formed independent clade. On the other hand, the plants from Yangpyeong were not grouped into one clade followed by the intraspecies variation. In conclusion, the data from the research will be useful for the regional identification of Dangjin, even if it is required to perform some additional researches.