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        검색결과 12,782

        1.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관·개인회원 무료
        본 연구는 지난 10여년간 고려대학교 및 한국과학기술연구원(KIST)에서 AMS를 이용하여 측정된 우주선유발 동위원소 10 Be의 준비 및 측정 과정을 다룬 보고서이다. 총 2 4세트의 표준물질과 107개의 Blank시료가 분석되었으며, 2017년 이후 표준물질의 측정 재현성이 크게 향상되어 국제적인 주요 실험실의 결과와 비교할 만한 수준의 성과를 보였다. 그러나 Blank 값은 사용된 9 Be 캐리어의 종류 및 석영 추출 과정과 AMS 측정 세팅 등 실험 조건에 따라 영향 을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 잠재적인 오염원을 체계적으로 추적하고 관리할 필요성을 시사한다. 본 연구는 10 Be Background 값을 줄이는 것이 우주선유발 동위원소 연구의 범위를 넓히는 데 중요한 역할을 함을 강조한다. 낮은 Background 값은 상대적으로 최근에 형성된 지형이나 오랜 시간 매몰되어 방사성 핵종이 상당량 감소한, 저준위 10 Be 지형의 연대측정을 가능하게 한다. 향후 연구에서는 실험 과정을 개선하고 가중평균 계산법 등의 새로운 통계적 방법을 도입하여 측정 오차를 최소화하는 데 중점을 둘 예정이다. 본 연구는 다양한 시간적 및 공간적 규모에서 지구표면과학 연구를 발전시키기 위한 우주선유발 동위원소 분석의 기반을 제공한다.
        2.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Background: When shorter muscles are restored to normal, non-specific low back pain, which is the mechanism that causes pain along with muscle relaxation, disappears. Among the stretching methods, self-stretching is a good exercise method not only for treatment but also for preventive purposes. Objectives: To find out what is the most effective method of self-stretching, which is often used in treatment and preventive arbitration, which can reduce muscle activity and increase spinal flexibility in patients with non-specific back pain. Design: Randomized controlled trials. Methods: Three self-stretching exercise methods for erector spinae are randomly assigned to 13 people each, and three self-stretching exercise methods are performed for each study subject. Surface electromyography using, was performed to measure the erector spinae muscle activity. flexibility was measured through Trunk flexion test in a standing position. Muscle activity and flexibility were measured before and after stretching. Results: The difference in muscle activity and flexibility in the three groups, including cat stretching, seated stretching, and Reclining stretching, all showed statistically significant differences. There was no statistically significant difference in comparison between the three groups of stretch muscle activity. However, a statistically significant difference was shown in the comparison of the variability between the three groups of flexibility. In a post-mortem analysis comparing the amount of change in flexibility, the flexibility of the seated stretching in the chair increased significantly compared to the cat stretching group. Conclusion: It can be confirmed that the stretching method of the erector spinae, cat stretching, seated stretching, and Reclining stretching, all have positive effects on muscle activity and flexibility.
        4,000원
        3.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Background: Stroke patients often exhibit excessive kyphosis of the spine and a forward head posture (FHP), which negatively impacts their daily activities. These postural abnormalities not only negatively affect functional movement but also exacerbate musculoskeletal problems. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the effect of backward walking on FHP in stroke patients. Design: Single-case experimental design (A-B-A’ design). Methods: The study was conducted over a total of 8 weeks, comprising 24 sessions: 3 baseline sessions (A), 18 intervention sessions (B), and 3 regression baseline sessions (A'). No backward walking intervention was performed during baseline (A) and regression baseline (A’). To determine changes in FHP, the craniovertebral angle (CVA) was measured at all sessions. Results: The CVA increased in the intervention (B) and regression baseline (A’) compared to the baseline (A). Conclusion: Backward walking was effective in improving FHP, and the effect was maintained after intervention (B) in patients with stroke. Therefore, backward walking was effective in improving the postural alignment of stroke patients.
        4,000원
        4.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Background: With the increasing demand for healthcare devices, the home healthcare market has been continuously expanding. Objectives: This study examined how a home calf massager affects muscle tone and stiffness in the calf region and the active range of motion (AROM) of the ankle in healthy adults to determine whether the massager is suitable for healthcare use in healthy individuals. Design: A quasi-experimental clinical trial. Methods: The study included 20 healthy men in their 20s, analyzing changes in muscle tone and stiffness in the calf region, AROM of the ankle joint, and differences between the two legs before and after applying the home calf massager. Results: After using the home calf massager, significant reductions in muscle tone and stiffness were observed in the lateral gastrocnemius muscles on both sides, as well as in the stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius muscles on both sides (P<.05). The AROM of the ankle joint significantly increased in all cases of dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion (P<.05). Conclusion: The use of a home calf massager in healthy adult males did not impose a physiological burden on muscle tone and stiffness in the calf region and was effective in immediately improving ankle joint mobility.
        4,000원
        5.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Strains of epiphytic and toxic dinoflagellates were collected from the seawaters surrounding Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands in Korea, and their morphology, molecular phylogeny, and toxicity were analyzed. Each dinoflagellate strain was examined under a microscope for genus-level identification, while species-level confirmation was achieved for Amphidinium operculatum, Ostreopsis sp. (type 1), Protoceratium reticulatum, Coolia canariensis, and C. malayensis through molecular phylogenetic analysis. The genera Gambierdiscus, Heterocapsa, and Prorocentrum were identified based on morphological traits, with Gambierdiscus characterized by a round-flattened shape with distinct thecal plates, Heterocapsa exhibiting a fusiform to oval shape, and Prorocentrum showing an oblong-to-ovate shape. Toxicity assessments for five species involved exposing Artemia salina nauplii to concentration-dependent extracts of the dinoflagellates. At a concentration of 100 ppm, P. reticulatum, A. operculatum, C. canariensis, and Ostreopsis sp. resulted in significant mortality among the nauplii, with survival rates dropping to as low as 0% over a 24-hour period. These findings underscore the potential ecological and toxicological impacts of these species and highlight the necessity for further research to evaluate their behavior under varying environmental conditions. This study marks the first documentation of subtropical epiphytic dinoflagellates in the waters around Ulleungdo and Dokdo islands, encompassing twelve strains from eight epiphytic species. Additionally, we investigated the toxicity of five species, including a toxic planktonic dinoflagellate. The results suggest a potential northeastward shift in their distribution, likely originating from Jeju Island, and being transported by the Tsushima Warm Current through the East Sea. This shift has enabled the successful establishment of populations in these areas under favorable conditions influenced by changes in the oceanic climate.
        5,100원
        6.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        The Pieris napi-complex in East Asia that comprises P. melete Ménétriés, 1857, P. dulcinea (Butler 1882), and P. nesis (Fruhstorfer 1909) has been taxonomically challenging to distinguish due to their similar appearances. In this study, P. nesis, typically found in central Japan, was discovered in the highlands on Jejudo Island, the southernmost part of the Korean Peninsula. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial COI gene to explore the relationship between P. dulcinea and P. nesis, and confirmed that P. nesis occurs in Korea. This paper provides the morphological characteristics of P. nesis compared to P. dulcinea, along with DNA data.
        4,000원
        7.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        본 연구에서는 국내에서 판매되는 24개 건어포 및 조미 건어포 제품의 종 판별 및 표시사항 준수 여부를 평가했 다. 이러한 수산가공품에 사용된 원재료의 종판별을 위해 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I 및 cytochrome b 유전자 의 염기서열을 분석하여 NCBI GenBank 및 BOLD 데이 터베이스에 등록되어 있는 생물종의 염기서열과 비교 후 계통 분석을 수행했다. 분석 결과 13개 종(Hyporhamphus quoyi, Gadus chalcogrammus, Lophius litulon, Conger myriaster, Paramonacanthus pusillus, Hyporhamphus sajori, Gadus macrocephalus, Hoplobrotula armata, Callionymus meridionalis, Liparis tanakae, Dosidicus gigas, Lagocephalus cheesemanii, and Takifugu vermicularis)이 확인되었다. 일반 명(장어, 오징어 등)을 포함할 경우 16개 제품(66.7%)에서 표시사항과 판별된 종 간에 불일치가 확인되었으며, 일반 명을 제외할 경우 불일치 비율은 41.7%로 감소했다. 식품 유형별로는 조미건어포 제품(n=20, 70%)에서 건어포 제품 (n=4, 50%) 보다 높은 비율의 불일치 비율이 관찰되었다. 원산지별 분석 결과 특정 국가와 불일치 비율과의 상관성 은 확인할 수 없었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 건포류 제품의 주기적 모니터링 수행 및 수산물의 국명 표시 선을 위한 기초자료로 쓰일 수 있을 것이다.
        4,000원
        8.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Maturity at harvest is the key factor influencing storage life and the final quality of fruit. This study examined how the firmness of ‘Sweet Gold’ kiwifruit at harvest affects its post-ripening characteristics to create a maturity chart. Throughout the storage period, firmness decreased in all categories of fruit: hard, medium, and soft. ‘Soft’ fruits lost 40% of their firmness within 2 days after harvest, whereas ‘hard’ fruits remained firmer than soft fruits throughout the storage period and had the least soluble solids content, indicating a slower ripening progression. The acidity of ‘soft’ kiwifruit was very low from the day of harvest, suggesting that it was utilized as a respiratory substrate during ripening. The a-values (indicating redness) for ‘soft’ fruits gradually increased until day 6, stabilizing thereafter. ‘Soft’ fruits exhibited the highest ethylene production rate throughout storage. They showed a climacteric rise in ethylene on day 13, compared to ‘medium’ and ‘hard’ fruits, which exhibited increases on days 19 and 21, respectively. This data can help determine the optimal ethylene treatment duration for ripening ‘Sweet Gold’ kiwifruit. The firmness of ‘Sweet Gold’ kiwifruit at harvest is a crucial factor in determining its marketability and can effectively serve as a maturity index to estimate its shelf life.
        4,000원
        9.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 SCOPUS 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        A multi-barrier can be applied for the deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The multi-barrier comprises an engineered barrier and the natural barrier of the host rock. In the engineered barrier, the bentonite buffer is the key component for the disposal container, and the bentonite buffer thickness is given important consideration when designing the engineered barrier. This study reviewed the safety functions of bentonite buffers. Subsequently, the requirements and factors necessary to determine the thickness of the bentonite buffer, including criteria for radiological safety and the thermal stability of the disposal system, were identified. Additionally, the bentonite buffer thicknesses required for the top, bottom, and side of the disposal container were calculated. A double-layered emplacement method is also proposed for the bentonite buffer to improve disposal efficiency in terms of thermal management. Based on radiological safety and thermal stability analyses, an optimal thickness of 0.36 m was found to be appropriate for the bentonite buffer surrounding the disposal container. The thickness of the bentonite buffer above the disposal container can be determined based on the excavation damaged zone depth. The study findings can be used as a reference when designing deep geological disposal systems.
        4,200원
        10.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 SCOPUS 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        The recent release of contaminated water from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant highlights the need for accurate tritium measurement, particularly near the minimum detectable activity (MDA) of 5 Bq·L−1 set by South Korea’s Nuclear Safety and Security Commission. This study aims to improve low-level tritium measurement accuracy by optimizing the region of interest (ROI) for quench curve determination. These adjustments are crucial for separating tritium signals from background noise. Quench standards were prepared and measured using a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). Three ROIs were analyzed to assess the impact of channel selection on measurement precision: A 20-148 channel range optimized via figure of merit (FOM) analysis, a 20-250 channel range covering tritium’s full beta spectrum, and a broad 1-1024 channel range. Quench curves were obtained by fitting the counting efficiency of each ROI to the quench standards. Tritium samples with six different activity levels were prepared, and their radioactivity was calculated using the quench curves. Selecting appropriate ROIs for quench curve determination is critical for measuring low-concentration tritium accurately. This approach reduces uncertainty and emphasizes reliable methods to improve the precision and consistency of tritium measurements.
        4,000원
        11.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 SCOPUS 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        A scintillator using organic materials can be easily manufactured in various shapes and sizes to suit the user’s purpose. A quantum dot (QD)-based scintillator has a number of advantages over commercial scintillators, including emission wavelength control, high-purity emission of a specific wavelength, high photoluminescence efficiency, and good photostability. The organic scintillators doping with various agents into the polymer media to increase scintillation efficiency and to control the emissioning wavelength through energy transfer process. In this study, scintillator enhancement was observed with different QDs material and detection response to gamma and neutron was investigated in energy spectrum. Multishell- structure QDs (CdS/CdZnS/ZnS) were fabricated and utilized to offset the shortcomings of single-shell-structure QDs, and the optical properties and the gamma and neutron detection performance capabilities were evaluated. The results of the evaluation of the detection response of the QD-based scintillator confirmed that the neutron/gamma classification performance was similar to that of a commercial scintillator. Furthermore, the gamma detection efficiency was improved by 34–38% (in the case of 137Cs) compared to a commercial scintillator. This study is especially notable in that the organic scintillator incorporated with the newly fabricated QDs can be utilized for gamma and neutron detection for the operation and decommissioning various nuclear facilities.
        5,500원
        12.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        두줄가슴무당벌레붙이속의 붉은두줄가슴무당벌레붙이와 좁은두줄가슴무당벌레붙이 두 종이 한국에서 처음으로 보고된다. 또한, 외부형태 및 생식기의 삽화, 진단특징, 분포도, 그리고 분류키를 제공한다.
        4,000원
        13.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 SCOPUS 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Industries that use or produce radionuclides have unintentionally released these substances into surrounding soils and sediments. To address this problem, Beautiful Environmental Construction (BEC) Co. developed the BEC’s Radioactive Soil Decontamination (BERAD) system to remove contaminants and reduce the volume of radionuclide-contaminated soils. Owing to the limited availability of radioactive isotopes such as 60Co, 90Sr, 137Cs, and uranium-contaminated soil, naturally occurring elements in soil were used in this demonstration. The soil was divided into six size fractions via manual wet sieving and the BERAD system. Then, the concentrations of uranium, cobalt, strontium, cesium, and iron in each fraction were measured. The results of both separations showed that a considerable amount of each element is retained in the finer size fractions (<0.2 mm). After BERAD separation, the corresponding values yielded 53% uranium, 45% strontium, 66% cobalt, and 53% cesium in the fine size (<0.2 mm) fractions of 35% by weight. The study found that the concentrations of these elements increased as the particle sizes decreased. Iron and micaceous minerals played a significant role in retaining the elements. The pilot scale BERAD system yielded results that were similar to those obtained via laboratory wet-sieving and was successfully demonstrated as a soil washing technology.
        4,300원
        14.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        육성한 화단국화 품종인 황색 국화(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)인 ‘한아름볼(Hanarum Ball)’은 충남농업기술원 화훼 연구소에서 모본 ‘Gigi Gold’와 부본 ‘Jinny Ball’을 이용하여 육성되었다. ‘한아름볼’ 품종은 2014년에 인공 교배를 통해 개 발되었으며, 2015년부터 2017년까지 품종 특성을 조사한 후 2017년에 최종 선발되었다. ‘한아름볼’의 초형은 반구형으로, 노랑색 꽃잎(Yellow 5B)을 가진 반겹꽃을 지니고 있으며, 개화 기는 9월 21일이다. 초장은 36.0cm로, 초폭은 66.0cm, 화폭 은 4.1cm, 본당 착화수는 1,147개, 꽃잎수는 81.0개이며, 엽색 은 녹색(Green 137B)이어서, 대조품종인 ‘금방울’과 유사한 형 태와 색을 가지고 있으나, 꽃크기와 착화수, 개화시기에서 차이 를 보였다. ‘한아름볼’은 도로변이나 화단 등 조경용으로 활용 가능하며, 화훼 농가에 새로운 소득원을 제공할 수 있는 품종으 로 기대된다.
        4,000원
        15.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        고추온실에서 꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis)의 이항표본추출법을 개발하였다. 무작위로 선택된 고추를 상, 중 하단으로 나누어, 각 구간에서 세 개의 꽃에 있는 꽃노랑총채벌레를 70% 에탄올이 든 바이알에 털어서 채취한뒤 실체현미경 하에서 밀도를 확인하였다. 꽃노랑총채 벌레의 평균밀도와 3가지 Tally threshold (1, 3, 5) 밀도 이상인 감염비율(PT)간의 이항관계 모형을 평가하여 개발하고 검증하였다. 꽃노랑총채벌 레의 이항표본조사를 위한 최적의 Tally threshold는 3으로 나타났다. 개발된 이항표본추출법의 검증은 이항표본추출법 개발에 사용되지 않은 독 립적 자료를 사용해서 RVSP (Resampling Validation for Sampling Plan) 프로그램으로 진행했으며, 고정 표본 크기(FSS)와 Wald의 순차적 확률비 검정(SPRT)을 사용했다. FSS는 Tally threshold를 3으로, SPRT는 상한값 0.55와 하한값 0.32로 설정해 1000번의 시뮬레이션을 수행했 다. 시뮬레이션 결과 실제 평균과 예측 평균 간의 차이가 없었으므로 개발된 이항표본조사법이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.
        4,000원
        16.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        This study was conducted to investigate changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, nutrient content, and microbial communities of fresh and heat-treated Holstein colostrum collected from a colostrum bank operated by a local agricultural technology center in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. Of the 16 colostrum samples, 8 were heated at 60℃ for 30 min under a pressure of 0.9–1 bar. The colostrum samples were stored at −70℃ until use, at which time they were thawed at 50–55℃ in a water bath to analyze IgG levels, chemical composition, and microbiome, which was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq-PE250 platform. The IgG concentrations were similar in fresh and heat-treated colostrum. The fat, protein, and lactose contents also did not differ in these samples. However, somatic cell count (SCC) was lower in heat-treated colostrum than those in fresh colostrum (p<0.05). At the phylum level for the microbiome of fresh colostrum, Proteobacteria (44.16%) was the most abundant taxa, followed by Bacteroidota (33.26%), Firmicutes (10.04%), Actinobacteriota (7.14%), and a marginal difference in the order of abundance was observed in heat-treated colostrum. At the genus level, bacteria belonging to Sphingomonas, Delftia, Ochrobactrum, Simplicispira, and Lactobacillus were more abundant (p<0.05) in the heat-treated colostrum, while the abundance of Acinetobacter in the fresh colostrum was four times more (p<0.05) than that in the heat-treated colostrum. Our results demonstrated that heating does not affect IgG level and colostrum composition but reduces SCC (p<0.05), suggesting that heat-treated colostrum can potentially be put to further use (e.g., feeding Hanwoo calves) without compromising its quality. Differences in the microbiome between the fresh and heat-treated colostrum were limited. Further studies are required to extensively investigate the quality and safety of colostrum collected from dairy farms to ensure better utilization and processing at a local agricultural technology center.
        4,000원
        17.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Humic acids (HA), with their irregular polymeric structures and largely existing in grassland, present challenges in quality control due to significant variations in biological activities depending on extraction sources. To address this, we explored industrial byproducts as potential alternatives mimicking HA-like bioactivities. This study evaluates sulfite lignin, a byproduct of the pulp industry, as an eco-friendly biostimulant for enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance. Sulfite lignin demonstrated HA-like bioactivities, promoting seed germination and salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Germination assays revealed that sulfite lignin significantly improved radicle and cotyledon emergence, particularly at low concentrations (8.6 mg L⁻¹), outperforming HA and kraft lignin. Additionally, under salt stress conditions, sulfite lignin-treated plants exhibited healthier phenotypes and maintained higher chlorophyll content compared to control treatments, similar to HA and kraft lignin. The findings highlight sulfite lignin as a promising, sustainable, and cost-effective biofertilizer, effectively replicating HA's biological functions while leveraging industrial byproducts.
        4,000원
        18.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Background: Stroke patients commonly experience functional declines in balance and gait due to decreased muscle strength and coordination issues caused by brain damage. Through repetitive training, robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) can aid in promoting neuroplasticity in stroke patients and help them acquire effective gait patterns. Additionally, convalescent rehabilitation hospitals help to ensure rapid recovery through intensive rehabilitation training. Objects: This study investigated the effects of RAGT frequency on gait and balance recovery in stroke patients in convalescent rehabilitation hospitals, providing data to optimize rehabilitation efficiency, enhance functional recovery, and support the development of personalized strategies to ensure safer and more rapid returns to daily life. Methods: This study compared the frequency of RAGT by analyzing a group receiving two units of RAGT per day for 5 days per week with a group receiving two units of RAGT per week as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program, totaling 16 units daily, in a convalescent rehabilitation hospital. Results: In the 10-minute walking test, statistical significance was observed both within and between groups, whereas the Functional Ambulation Category, Fugl-Meyer Assessment–lower extremities, Berg Balance Scale, and timed up-and-go tests showed significance only within groups. Conclusion: End-effector RAGT and traditional gait training significantly improve gait ability, balance, and lower limb function in stroke patients.
        4,000원
        19.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Background: Limited ankle dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) is associated with mechanical dysfunctions and chronic ankle instability. Uphill treadmill walking exercise (UTWE) has the potential to improve ankle mobility and function. Objects: This study aimed to examine the immediate effects of a 15° UTWE on DF ROM and torque generation in patients with limited DF. Methods: The study included 20 adults, comprising 10 males and 10 females, with a mean age 28 years and a passive DF range of 5°–12°. After baseline assessments, participants completed 30 minutes of UTWE on a 15° incline treadmill, followed by post-assessments. DF ROM was evaluated during the stance phase of gait, and in both open-kinematic-chain (OKC) and closed-kinematic-chain (CKC) conditions using a goniometer and Image J software. DF and plantar flexion (PF) peak torque were measured with a Biodex Dynamometer. Results: Post intervention, maximum DF ROM during the stance phase of gait increased significantly from a mean of 8.54° ± 3.97° to 11.03° ± 4.41°. The DF ROM in the OKC and CKC conditions increased significantly from a mean of 8.90° ± 0.62° and 21.55° ± 0.72° to 18.00° ± 1.13° and 28.20° ± 1.00°, respectively (p < 0.0001). DF peak torque increased from 16.20 ± 1.28 N/m to 21.52 ± 1.39 N/m, and PF peak torque increased from 25.26 ± 2.51 N/m to 44.22 ± 4.20 N/m (p < 0.0002). Conclusion: UTWE significantly enhanced DF ROM and ankle torque, indicating that it may be an effective intervention for improving ankle function and preventing injury in clinical and rehabilitation settings.
        4,000원
        20.
        2024.12 KCI 등재 구독 인증기관 무료, 개인회원 유료
        Silage inoculants, which include beneficial microorganisms like lactic acid bacteria (LAB), play a vital role in modern silage production by enhancing fermentation quality. This study evaluated the effectiveness of various commercial inoculants on the fermentation dynamics of Italian ryegrass silage over 45 days. The treatments included a control group and five inoculant formulations: T1 (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum), T2 (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus), T3 (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactiplantibacillus buchneri), T4 (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lactiplantibacillus acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus bulgaricus), and T5 (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus faecium). After 45 days, all treatment groups exhibited significantly higher crude protein (CP) content compared to the control group (80.64 g/kg dry matter (DM), p<0.05). Treatments T2 and T5, which incorporated combinations of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus faecium, showed higher CP contents at 105.53 and 107.05 g/kg DM, respectively. The inoculated silages also demonstrated a rapid pH reduction within the early days, with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in T1 reducing the pH to 4.0 within four days. Additionally, inoculated treatments had significantly higher lactic acid levels than the control (67.96 g/kg DM, p<0.05), and T3 (Lactiplantibacillus buchneri) produced higher acetic acid levels (16.07 g/kg DM, p<0.05) than other inoculants. The control group also had a notably higher ammonia nitrogen content. In conclusion, while single-strain inoculants like Lactiplantibacillus plantarum are effective for rapid acidification, the use of combined bacterial strains can further enhance silage quality by improving lactic acid fermentation and nutrient preservation, particularly in treatments like Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactiplantibacillus buchneri and Enterococcus faecium.
        4,600원
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