Low cost and scalable manufacturing of highly doped cellulose for enhanced multifunctional applications is still an issue. In this work, eco-friendly nanocomposites were fabricated by incorporating regenerated cellulose (RC) of 10, 30, and 50 wt% into an exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), resulting in the intercalation of GnPs. The thermal and electrical properties of hybrid nanocomposites were investigated. The structural property was conducted through scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analyses. Strong frequency-dependent dielectric response was found due to the change of the permittivity and the loss tangent of nanocomposites by different content of RC, which is associated with the polarizations behavior. Non-elastic relaxation at the GNPs–RC chains interfacial areas in an alternating field was identified as the main cause of polarization losses among others. Detailed ferroelectric measurements provided the evidence of the ideal resistive behavior of the nanocomposites, which are confirmed by the resistivity measurements along the out-of-plane direction of the nanocomposite sheets.

This paper examines critical issues in the current dispute between Lone Star and South Korea regarding Lone Star’s investment in the Korea Exchange Bank that has culminated in an investor-State dispute claim against Korea before an International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes arbitration panel. It further evaluates the merits and potential outcomes of each issue through careful analogy to preexisting international investor-State dispute awards, textual analysis of the bilateral tax and investment treaties between South Korea and Belgium, and publically available information regarding events during the course of Lone Star’s investments in Korea. In particular, it will address well-covered topics in international investment law such as nationality of corporations, fair and equitable treatment, and discriminatory treatment. It will also investigate burgeoning topics on breach of domestic law by third parties, breach of domestic law in the course of an investment, and the rights of an investor to raise tax-based investment claims.

As the ASEAN moves towards its vision of a ‘Community,’enforceability and consistency of legal standards, broadly the “rule of law,”have drawn attention due to their impact on the predictability of social environments, with consequences for markets, people, and policy makers. This paper draws together recent findings and suggests ASEAN States have made significant progress but remain in a state of transition. These findings support Barry Weingast’s prediction that developing countries are more likely to create consistent rules and move to“ open access orders” in line with requirements for development, rather than install artificial enforcement mechanisms before growth.