The pea leafminer fly, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), is a polyphagous pest attacking wide range of field and greenhouse crops and ornamental plants. Surprisingly, localized outbreaks with high population and heavy unique damage of leafminers were observed from the field survey of potato fields in the southern parts (Miryand and Goryeong) of Korea in 2012. L. huidobrensis was the responsible for those potato damages based on the morphological and genetic characteristics. Then after, it added a one more emerging species in Korean Liriomyza account. Infestation of L. huidobrensis was expanding and reported in major potato growing areas of the country. Genetic evidence showed the close relationship with Chinese L. huidobrensis population, so it might be invaded from China. As a new emerging pest, very few informations relative to this pest are available in Korean prospective. There is also significant potential for it to widen its distribution, as the Korean Peninsula is a hot spot of climate change, particularly global warming. There are a lot of challenges uprooting infront of researchers and growers. It is demanded to explore new secrets and to be ready to tackle of this invasive pest, L. huidobrensis.

The fumigant activity of phosphine (PH3) and ethyl formate (EF) was determined to all stage of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) under high oxygen concentration (50% and 80%). Oxygenated PH3 and EF were tested at two different temperatures (20°C and 4°C) during 7 days. Two oxygenated fumigants were treated with LC10, 30 and 50 values of single fumigant against each stage of P. operculella. At 10% inhibition of hatchability concentration value, inhibition of hatchability of P. operculella eggs was shown 20.3% and 9.2% with 50% and 80% oxygenated PH3 at 20°C at 1 day after treatment, respectively. The fumigant activity of oxygenated PH3 was increased at all stage of P. operculella except eggs both 20°C and 4°C. However, oxygenated EF was determined low fumigant efficacy to hatchability of eggs and emergence rate of pupae. The insecticidal activities of P. operculella larvae and adults were slightly increased mortality rather than single EF. In this result suggests that oxygenated phosphine is effective method for managing P. operculella. But, oxygenated EF is not effective.

The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera:Aphididae), is a highly polyphagous pest that directly or indirectly damages cultivated plants. Six field-collected populations of cotton aphid, A. gossypii (BY-A, BY-B, YJ-A, YJ-B, CJ-A, and CJ-B) were tested for susceptibility to 14 different insecticides. Most population exhibited high to very high levels of resistance to neonicotinoid. Among them, a strain showing resistance to imidacloprid were selected and showed 1,543-fold in resistance as compared with susceptible strain. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO), diethyl maleate (DEM), and S,S,S tributyl-phosphorothiolate (DEF) failed to synergize imidacloprid in this resistant population. In addition, the activity of detoxification enzymes (P450, EST, GST) were no differences between susceptibility and imidalcoprid resistance strain. However, by analyzing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β1 subunit loop D, R81T point mutation was detected in BY-A, BY-B, YJ-A, and YJ-B strain.

Diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella L.), the most destructive pest of cruciferous crops, is well-known as typical subtropical insect pest. A number of biological agents such as diseases, parasites and predators can affect populations of DBM in the fields negatively. In previous reports, we suggested Cotesia glomerata, Diadegma semiclusum, and Microplitis plutellae as promising natural enemies to DBM control at highland areas, but these species are larval parasitoids. In 2004~2009, we searched highland fields cultivating various cruciferous crops for PUPAL parasitoids which can supplement the unsatisfactory parasitism in the augmentative release of larval parasitoids. We obtained adults of hymenopteran parasitoid from DBM pupae in early July at Hoengseong region (asl 540 m), and then identified as Diadromus sp., although being a critical species so far. This parasitoid showed high rate of parasitism, about 13.2%, in mid October at the same region. Development period from oviposition to emergence of Diadromus sp. ranged from 14 to 18 days under 23℃ condition. Adult longevity, > three weeks, was longer when it was provided with 10% sugar solution as food than with water only or without food. Male adults mated as soon as emerging from parasitized DBM pupae, and laid eggs into DBM pupae for a week. Parasitism by Diadromus sp. was highest on 7th day after emergence. In contrast, lethality of DBM pupae which were not parasitized by wasps showed 60% on average for seven days. Parasitized DBM pupae could be stored at 10℃ for two weeks. The simultaneous augmentative release of larval parasitoids and pupal parasitoids can be an important component to integrated DBM management program in the future.

The potato tuber moth (PTM, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller)) is a serious pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants in the field in regions with warm temperate to tropical climates, and of tubers stored under ambient temperatures post-harvest. Although PTM can be a minor to serious pest depending on the area and year, this pest is getting more and more serious to potato fields in Korea according to accidental surveys. Son (1979) represented 12.5℃ of average annual temperature as northern limit of distribution where corresponding to Youngdeog, Dalseong, Boseong and Jindo regions. Soon after, Choi and Park (1980) reported that the northern limit of PTM distribution coincided with -8℃ isotherm for average annual minimum temperature of January. In recent years, concerns on PTM occurrence and damage to potato are increasing due to climate change resulted in global warming. We carried out an extensive survey of PTM distribution using sex pheromone traps at 24 sites across the nation in 2009. As a result, we confirmed that the northern limit of PTM distribution climbed to southern Gyeonggi and middle Gangwon regions from Gyeongbuk and Chungbuk regions indicated by Choi and Park (1980). Hereafter, we are trying to investigate why drastic going northward of PTM happened in Korea. Here is one presumption that a sudden rise in average temperature has occurred during 30 years, from 6.34℃ in 1973 to 7.62℃ in 2007, especially around Daegwallyeong area where is a typical highland with 800 m high.

산업화 초기부터 발전해온 내항은 이후 변화한 산업물류 환경 속에 쇠락해왔으나 재개발을 통해 새로운 용도로 변모하면서 다시 도시적 활기의 중심이 되기도 한다. 우리나라도 내항 재개발 필요성을 인식하고 이를 지역 재생을 위한 도구로 활용하려는 정책을 추진하고 있다. 이 연구는 내항의 개발은 도시와 해양 사이에 위치한 내항의 독특한 입지 특성에 대한 이해와 분석을 전제로 해야 한다는 인식을 토대로 개발 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 주요 내항지역 사례들을 선정하고 이들의 입지를 두 가지 개념, 즉 관문적 개념과 중심지이론적 개념을 통해서 비교분석하였다. 이를 통해 내항의 여건을 객관적으로 판단하고 두 가지 개념을 통해 유형화함으로써 각 내항의 특성에 맞는 개발 방향을 제안하였다. 이러한 과정에서 고립적인 입지, 시가지와 해안의 분리 등으로 인해 내항이 가지는 잠재력이 충분히 구현되기 어려운 사례가 많음이 드러났으며, 그에 대한 인식과 대처가 없이는 효과적인 재개발이 쉽지 않음을 파악할 수 있었다. 내항을 별도의 또 다른 가용지로 보기 보다는 해양과 내륙을 매개하는 입지, 기존 시가지와 연계된 입지로 보고 접근하는 개발 전략이 필요하다. 내항 지역의 개발을 해양문화시대, 도시재생 시대에 필요한 기회로 활용하기 위한 중장기적인 노력이 있어야 할 것이다