목적 : 본 연구는 프리즘이 적용된 안경이 편측공간무시를 가진 뇌졸중 환자의 편측무시 감소에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 확인하였다. 방법 : 본 연구는 2019년 5월부터 2020년 2월까지 서울에 위치한 M병원에서 실시하였으며, 뇌졸중 환자 중 연구 선정 기준에 부합되는 환자 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자들에게는 10 △과 15 △ 프리즘 안경을 적용하였 으며, 편측공간무시는 알버트 검사, 별지우기 검사, ‘ㄹ’지우기 검사를 통해 측정하였다. 결과 : 대상자가 10 △과 15 △이 적용된 프리즘 안경을 착용하였을 때, 알버트 검사에서는 19.00±3.94점에서 15.70±5.68점과 11.60±6.17점으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.050). 별지우기 검사에서는 32.68±9.19점 에서 46.07±10.64점과 54.64±12.91점으로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.050), ‘ㄹ’지우기 검사에서도 18.30±5.14점에서 23.50±7.58점과 27.0±5.76점으로 각각 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.050). 프리즘이 적 용된 안경 착용하였을 때 모든 검사에서 편측공간무시가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 프리즘이 적용된 안경은 편측공간무시 감소에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 편측공간무시가 있는 뇌졸중 환자에게 프리즘 안경을 적용하면 편측공간무시를 감소시키는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Tooth development shows dynamic morphological changes from the stages of cap to hard tissue formation and is strictly regulated during development. In the present study, we compared expression and localization of 3 major enamel matrix proteins in rats: amelogenin, enamel and ameloblastin. DD-PCR and RT-PCR revealed differential expression of the major proteins from the cap stage to root stage. Immunofluorescence staining results indicated that amelogenin was not detected in either inner enamel epithelium or reduced enamel epithelium, but highly immunoreactive in preameloblasts and ameloblasts; in addition, it was sporadically expressed in preodontoblasts abutting preameloblasts. Ameloblastin expression was also observed in not only differentiated ameloblasts but also osteoblasts. Immunoreactivity to ameloblastin in ameloblasts was strong in Tomes' processes. Enamelin was exclusively localized along the entire newly formed and maturing enamel. Enamelin was largely localized in near Tomes' processes and enamel rods in maturing enamel. Alendronate treatment resulted in down-regulation of amelogenin and ameloblastin at both transcription and translation levels; whereas, enamelin expression was unchanged in response to the treatment. These results suggested that amelogenin, ameloblastin and enamelin might be implicated in cell differentiation, adhesion of ameloblasts to enamel and enamel crystallization during enamel matrix formation, respectively.

Tooth development involves bud, cap, bell and hard tissue formation stages, each of which is tightly controlled by regulatory molecules. The aim of this study was to identify genes that are differentially expressed during dental hard tissue differentiation. Sprague-Dawley rats at postnatal days 3, 6 and 9 were used in the analysis. Differential display RT-PCR (DD-PCR) was used to screen differentially expressed genes between the 2nd (root formation stage, during mineralization) and 3rd (cap stage, before minerali-zation) molar germs at postnatal day 9. The DNA detected in the 2nd molar germs showed homology to osteonectin only (GenBank accession no. NM_012656.1). The level of osteonectin mRNA expression was much higher in the 2nd molar germs than in the 3rd molar germs and was found to increase in a time-dependent manner from the early bell stage to the root formation stage in the 2nd molar germs. The pattern of osteonectin protein expression was consistent with these RT-PCR results. Osteonectin protein was found by immunofluorescent analysis to localize in odontoblasts and preodontoblasts rather than the dentin matrix itself. Further studies are needed to validate the involvement of osteonectin in mineralization and root formation.