본 연구는 백제역사유적지구 세계유산 등재과정에서 문화유산 보존관리체계의 골격을 형성하는 보존관리구역 구성체계와 공간적 범위 설정문제를 중심으로 제기되었던 다양한 쟁점사항에 대한 분석을 통하여 문화유산 보존관리체계의 대안적 방향을 제시해보고자 하는 목적을 지니고 있다. 한국에서의 문화재에 대한 보존관리체계는 『문화재보호법』에 근거하여 설정되는 문화재구역, 문화재보호구역, 역사문화환경 보존지역을 근간으로 운용된다. 반면에 『세계유산 협약 이행을 위한 운영지침』에서는 유산구역, 완충구역 그리고 주변 환경 등을 근간으로 유산 보존관리체계가 운용되고 있다. 세계유산 보존관리체계와 관련하여 국내 『문화재보호법』은 매우 합리적이며 선진적인 문화재 보존관리체계를 구축하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 장점을 제대로 활용하기 위해서는 구역 세분화와 연계하여 문화재구역과 보호구역, 역사문화환경 보존지역에 대한 명확하고 합리적인 성격을 부여하는 한편, 단편적인 규제 중심의 관리체계가 아닌 문화재구역과 보호구역, 역사문화환경을 일체화한 종합적, 계획적 시각에 입각한 운영체계가 구축될 필요가 있다.

This study aims to interpret the transformation of location, spatial structure, and landscape characteristics of the political and administrative center in Naju. Based on an analysis of the town plan using old maps, cadastral maps, excavation survey maps, and aerial images, the transformation process of the center is divided into three phases: first, the local structure centered on the Bannam area and Dashidl Bokamri area from the Mahan to Unified Silla period had a landscape characteristic of mixed mountain fortresses and surrounding living and burial areas. Second, the local structure centered on the Naju-wall in the Goryeo Dynasty whose administrative facilities and living spaces were distributed around the plain wall surrounding Kumseong Mountain, Youngsan River, and Naju River. Third, the local structure centered on Naju-eupseong in the Joseon period whose administrative facilities and living spaces were distributed in the wall had structural complexity with acidity and flatness. In particular, Naju-eupseong in the late Joseon period was completed through continuous reconstruction and expansion from the foundation of Naju-wall in the Goryeo Dynasty.

This study aims to interpret the characteristics of the townscape of the market area in the Hongju Eupseong walled town based on the formation and transformation of modern urban tissue. Based on an analysis of the town plan using a cadastral map, land register, building management register, and aerial images, the change process of the urban tissue and townscape in the market area is divided into three phases: the expansion phase of the market’s function from the 1910s to 1940s, which featured an open market-based townscape; the declining phase of the market’s function from the 1940s to 1960s, which featured a route-shop-based townscape; and the expiration phase of the market’s function after the 1960s. More specifically, with the opening of roads, the functions of the open market gradually diminished from the 1940s on, and after the war, especially during the rapid urbanization of the 1960s, the market area changed into a roadside shop and inner residential area, and the foundation of the current townscape was fixed. Above all, it is noteworthy that since the 1960s, the urban tissue and townscape have formed on the foundation of the former open market based on Japanese capital.