In order to investigate ice melting properties of road deicers with chemical types, theoretical comparison using performance index (PI) [1] and experimental analysis were carried out. In the theoretical comparison using PI, differences in melting ice performance properties were shown with chemical types and temperature ranges. Sodium chloride (NaCl) showed the best melting performance at -1.5~-3.5℃, but lower PI than other chemicals (CaCl2 and MgCl2) at lower temperature than -4.5℃. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) showed the best PI at lower than - 6.5℃, and at higher than -1.5℃, but the lowest PI at -1.5~-4.5℃. Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) showed the best performance at -3.5~-6.5℃, but the lowest PI at higher temperature than -1.5℃. PI can be regarded as a representative index for melting ice performance of liquid deicer, however, it is not enough to evaluate that of solid deicer, because the effect of heat of solution is not considered in PI. In the experimental analysis, comparison for ice melting performance between solid and liquid deicers was mainly carried out. Solid calcium chloride showed very good persistency and quick-acting property by the effect of heat of solution. Solid sodium chloride has no quick-acting property, but very good persistency at a mild temperature (-3℃), whereas ice melting performance declined greatly at severely low temperature (-11℃). Liquid sodium chloride and calcium chloride showed somewhat good quick-acting property, but inferior persistency to solid ones.

Antioxidant activity, total phenolics level and cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts from the young sprouts of 5 Korean woody salad plants were determined. Methanol extracts of Kalopanax pictus had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 value of 23.5mg 100g-1, and followed by Valeriana fauriei(43.1mg 100g-1), and Morus alba(〉100mg 100g-1). Total phenolic content showed the highest amount in methanol extracts from Kalopanax pictus(23.7mg 100g-1), and followed by Valeriana fauriei(22.7mg 100g-1), Aralia elata(16.8mg 100g-1) and Morus alba(14.2mg 100g-1). In a MTT assay, methanol extracts of Aralia elata with IC50 values of 151.0 and 140.7μg mL-1 showed the most potent cytotoxicity on Calu-6 and MCF-7, respectively. On the other hand, methanol extracts of Kalopanax pictus(IC50=96.5μg mL-1) showed the highest activity against HCT-116, and followed by those of Aralia elata(123.3μg mL-1), and Actinidia arguta(162.0μg mL-1). Total phenolic content of the tested plant extracts was correlated with the DPPH radical scavenging activity, suggesting the phenolic compounds may contribute to the antioxidant properties of Korean salad plants.