‘지역사회 계속거주(AIP: Aging in Place)’는 자율적이고 독립적인 노년의 삶을 원하는 노인들의 욕구 와 노인시설 운영비용 부담을 줄이고자 하는 정부의 필요성이 부합되면서 인구 고령화에 대처하는 새로운 패러다임으로서 주목받으며 활발히 논의되고 있다. AIP에 관한 국내외의 다양한 연구들은 AIP가 노년기의 삶의 질에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 주장하는데, 이는 노인이 자립적으로 생활할 수 있는 사회환경이 제공되었을 때 가능하다. 본 연구는 사람이 살아가는데 가장 기본적인 필수 의료와 임종기 완화의료 및 돌봄 등의 실태를 점검하고 AIP 관련 정책의 현행 법령과 제도를 살펴봄으로써, 국가와 지방정부의 책무는 무엇이며 향후 그 책무를 충실히 이행하기 위한 실효적 방안들은 무엇인지에 관하여 제언한다.

In recent decade, the growth of single mother has been considered as social issue in Korea and a number of studies identified that Korean single mothers have been experienced greater economic insecurity and discrimination. A better understanding of various cases of welfare policies for single mother is important in order to establish the policy for Korea. The purpose of this paper is to examines two major welfare reforms for single mother in Australia and provides suggestions of welfare policies in Korea. This paper outlines two significant changes of Australian welfare policies for single mother. These changes are related to the issue of marriage, divorce, child care, work and welfare. Welfare policies have direct influence not only on women but also children's rights and social attitudes. Single mothers should be able to raise their children without discrimination and negative attitudes against them. In order to do that, government should make an effort to support single mother and establish adequate welfare policies.

This paper aims to examine the significance of xenophobia and hate crimes in multicultural societies. It begins with outlining the general discussions about multiculturalism, xenophobia and hate crimes. It identifies hate crimes that related to xenophobia in multicultural society and introduces hate crime laws in Australia. While Australian multicultural policy has its roots in government responses to the post‐settlement issues facing migrants, through the 1980s and 1990s policy was articulated more broadly as an element of Australia's nation building narratives. Today all Australian States and Territories have active policies and programs dealing with multiculturalism. As other multicultural societies, Australia confronts with challenges in building a multicultural society. One of them is xenophobia and hate crimes related to race, ethnic, religions. A number of common law countries have introduced legislation designed to respond to the problem of prejudice-related crime, commonly referred to as hate crime law. Whilst the heavier penalties imposed by hate crime laws are designed to denounce, and thereby deter, prejudice-related violence, it is apparent that these laws are meant to do more than punish and deter. They aim to condemn, not just criminal conduct per se, but also racism, homophobia, religious intolerance and the like. In this way Australia seek to make a broad moral claim that prejudice is wrong and to thereby reinforce pro-social values of tolerance and respect for marginalized and disadvantaged groups. This paper argues that hate crime laws are necessary in order to prevent hate crimes related to multiculturalism and suggests that Australian hate crime laws can be implied to sustain multiculturalism in Korea