The comstock mealybugs had been occurred at a Muscat of Alexandria’ organic vineyard in Okcheon. They had beenfound in the vines’s trunk since mid-June and moved to cane and leaves since early July, and also had been found ingrape clusters since late-July. The number of comstock mealybug and the grape’s fruit damage in Eco-friendly vineyardswere higher than in conventional culture vineyard. And the marketability of green variety grape was more damaged fromcomstock mealybug than the black variety grape. Toxicities of 8 organic agricultural materials(OAM) were evaluated tocomstock mealybug at the recommended concentration. As a results, Lightyellow sophora and Derris extracts exhibitedstrong insecticidal activity with 100% mortality. When the Lightyellow sophora extract was uniformly distributed on thevine from early-July to mid-July, commercial grapes could be harvested. Therefore, I thought that we can control comstockmealybug by spraying OAM in a timely period.

Epigenetic modification dependent DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) play an important role in tissue- and stage-specific gene regulation and normal mammalian development. In this study, we show that DNMTs are expressed at different levels during hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation to proerythrocytes. DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B were highly expressed at day 7 after differentiation. We used specific siRNA as a tool to probe the relationship between the expression of DNMTs and erythropoietic differentiation. When introduced siRNA of DMNT1 and DMNT3b in human CD34+ cells, these more differentiated into erythrocytes. This was confirmed by glycophorin A (GPA) positive cell analysis and globin gene expression. GPA+ cells increased up to 20～30%, and γ- and ε-globin genes increased in siRNA transfected cells. Therefore, our data suggest that suppression of DNA methylation can affect positively differentiation of HSC and may contribute to expression of erythrocyte lineage genes including GPA and globins.