Three ambrosia beetle species, Xyleborus glabratus, Monarthrum mali, and Euwallacea fornicatus belong to subfamily, Scolytinae, showing similar morphology and body size, but their flight capability and patterns showed species-specific. Body length of Xyleborus glabratus and Monarthrum mali was negatively correlated with flight capabilities; shorter beetles performed longer average flights, longer single flights, total flight distance, and total flight time. Elytral length also was negatively correlated with flight distance in X. glabratus and M. mali. Conversely, only average flight time of E. fornicatus was positively correlated with body length, pronotal width, and elytral length. Body length had no effect on the flight velocity of any of the three beetle species examined. Therefore, our results indicate that body size characteristics of ambrosia beetles differentially influence on their dispersal by species.

Trails of the convergence ladybird negatively affected the brown citrus aphid population. On 3 days after treatment of ladybird trails, the population growth rate of the brown citrus aphid on treatment and control swingle flushes in the test tube were –0.1848 and –0.0385, respectively. In pot experiments, there were no significant differences in population growth rates between treatment and control swingle plants on 3 and 7 days after treatment of ladybird trails. But, on 10 days after treatment, each population growth rate was -0.0415 and 0.1125, respectively so there was significantly different statistically. Thus, our result support the potential practical application of ladybird trails as an effective control agent for managing of herbivorous insect pests in citrus groves.